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Preface
In this digital age, looking for the definition of Nutrition on the Internet comes up with the following: “Nutrition is the science that interprets the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.” Wikipedia February 2020 or the Cam bridge Dictionary states: “the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health” and “the process of taking in and using food, or the scientific study of this.” Both of the...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Patricia Harris, Megan Shepherd Source Type: research

Equine Nutrition
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Patricia Harris, Megan Shepherd Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
THOMAS J. DIVERS, DVM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Patricia Harris and Megan Shepherd (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Management of Emergency Cases on the Farm (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 1, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

The Safety and Efficacy in Horses of Certain Nutraceuticals that Claim to Have Health Benefits
Equine nutraceuticals are promoted as useful therapies to help optimize health and athletic performance, often without the benefit of independent research to support product efficacy and safety. This review focuses on 4 main categories of equine supplements that are frequently used as nutraceuticals: (i) supplements to support metabolic health, (ii) gastric support products, (iii) common ingredients that are included in supplements designed to support hoof health, and (iv) supplements to support joint health. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - February 19, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ingrid Vervuert, Meri Stratton-Phelps Source Type: research

Fluid Analysis in the Equine Patient
This article discusses fluid sample handling and processing considerations for the equine practitioner and reviews cytologic evaluation of normal and abnormal cerebrospinal, synovial, and peritoneal fluid samples. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - February 19, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Francisco O. Conrado, Sarah S.K. Beatty Source Type: research

Minimizing Equine Tooth Extraction Complications
Oral extraction has become the most popular extraction technique owing to its high rate of success with minimal major complication. Repulsion continues to produce unacceptably high iatrogenic complication rates. To avoid tooth repulsion, veterinary dentists have introduced procedures to facilitate difficult intraoral extractions and surgical extraction techniques. Minimizing complications is best achieved preoperatively. A comprehensive preoperative evaluation and treatment plan allows the dentist to predict intraoperative complication and prepare for procedures to produce the best outcome. With proper case selection and a...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stephen S. Galloway, Edward T. Earley Source Type: research

Equine Standing Surgical Extraction Techniques
Dental repulsion techniques reported in the past decades have a high incidence of complications. Although the practice of surgical extractions in horses is limited because of the training, instrumentation, and experience required to perform these techniques, veterinarians should be aware these procedures are available, general anesthesia is not required, and when performed by skilled veterinary dentists they have low complication rates. Surgical techniques are often used after failure of other extraction techniques to remove retained tooth root and fragments or to debride chronically contaminated orofacial lesions. However...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Edward T. Earley, Stephen S. Galloway Source Type: research

Standing Sedation and Iocoregional Analgesia in Equine Dental Surgery
Procedural sedation has become popular for describing a semiconscious state that allows patients to be comfortable during certain surgical or diagnostic procedures. Sedation may be enhanced by locoregional anesthetic techniques to produce sufficient analgesia and muscle relaxation for surgery to occur. Sedation and local anesthesia for standing diagnostic and surgical procedures on the horse ’s head circumvents the potential complications of general anesthesia (particularly, complications related to recovery). However, the implementation of a locoregional anesthetic technique requires a thorough understanding of the anat...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Luis Campoy, Samantha R. Sedgwick Source Type: research

Equine Oral Extraction Techniques
This article serves as a template for equine veterinarians to become proficient in basic intraoral premolar and molar extraction techniques of Equidae. Indications, equipment, and methodology are described. Numerous photos and videos are included to achieve a more immersive learning experience than can be accomplished with the written word alone. Clinicians performing these techniques will continue to improve their skillsets to achieve positive outcomes as case specifics become more challenging. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jon M. Gieche Source Type: research

A Brief History of Equine Dental Practice
Equine dentistry has been practiced for almost 3000  years, making it one of the oldest areas of equine health care. Progress has been slow and mirrored changes seen in human medical care. Many horsemen practiced equine dentistry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most of what was known then concentrated on sharp enamel points and abnormal dental occlusal wear. This changed slowly in the late twentieth century as research in equine dentistry increased. Today, veterinarians performing equine dentistry focus on detailed oral examination and base treatment for proper diagnosis of orthodontic, endodonti...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jack Easley Source Type: research

Equine Dentistry and Oral Surgery
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Edward T. Earley, Robert M. Baratt, Stephen S. Galloway Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - November 12, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research