Genetics of Equine Endocrine and Metabolic Disease
A role for a genetic contribution to equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and pars pituitary intermedia dysfunction (PPID) has been hypothesized. Heritability estimates of EMS biochemical measurements were consistent with moderately to highly heritable traits. Further, genome-wide association analyses have identified hundreds of regions of the genome contributing to EMS and candidate variants have been identified. The genetics of PPID has not yet been proven. Continued research for the specific genetic risk factors for both EMS and PPID is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the pathophysiology of both conditions and ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Elaine Norton, Molly McCue Source Type: research

Genetics of Equine Reproductive Diseases
Reproductive disorders are genetically heterogeneous and complex; available genetic tests are limited to chromosome analysis and 1 susceptibility gene. Cytogenetic analysis should be the first test to confirm or rule out chromosomal aberrations. No causative genes/mutations are known. The only available genetic test for stallion subfertility is based on a susceptibility gene FKBP6. The ongoing progress in equine genomics will improve the status of genetic testing. However, because subfertile phenotypes do not facilitate collection of large numbers of samples or pedigrees, and clinical causes of many cases remain unknown, f...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Terje Raudsepp Source Type: research

Genetics of Equine Behavioral Traits
This article reviews what is known about the genetics of behavior in horses with an emphasis on the genetic basis for temperament traits, neuroendocrine function, and stereotypic behavior. The importance of using modern molecular genetic techniques to the study of equine behavior and recommendations for future research are also discussed. Ultimately, these studies enhance the understanding of the biology of behavior in the horse, improve handler and rider safety, and benefit horse welfare. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carissa Wickens, Samantha A. Brooks Source Type: research

Equine Genetic Diseases
The publication of a reference genome sequence of a single domestic horse in 2009 resulted in unprecedented advancements in the field of equine genetics. Subsequent technologies, including the development of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and affordable next-generation sequencing, provided the tools necessary to fully explore the genetic contribution to equine traits and diseases. Of the 46 equine traits for which a genetic test is available to date, 29 were discovered from 2009 to 2019. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carrie J. Finno Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Clinical Pathology in the Foal
The dynamic physiologic changes and unique diet during the neonatal period contribute to key differences in clinicopathologic test results of healthy foals relative to healthy adult horses. When reporting results, most diagnostic laboratories only provide reference intervals for mature horses. Thus, failure to recognize the unique differences that occur in foals relative to adult horses can lead to erroneous interpretation of neonatal clinical pathologic values. Thus, the main objective of this article was to review distinct features of common clinicopathologic tests in foals, relative to mature horses. (Source: Veterinary...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Michelle Henry Barton, Kelsey A. Hart Source Type: research

Airway Diagnostics
Indications for bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal wash, and thoracocentesis for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases are discussed. Each technique is described in detail and illustrated by videos. Sample handling, preparation and evaluation are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal wash procedures as well as a critical comparison between the 2 techniques for equine asthma diagnosis are presented. Finally, validated cut-off values for equine asthma diagnosis are reviewed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Laurent L. Couetil, Craig A. Thompson Source Type: research

Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Equine Practice
This article discusses commercially available equine POCT. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Nathan M. Slovis, Nimet Browne, Rana Bozorgmanesh Source Type: research

Clinical Pathology for the Equine Practitioner
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: SallyAnne L. DeNotta, Tracy Stokol Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
THOMAS J. DIVERS, DVM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
SallyAnne L. DeNotta and Tracy Stokol (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Equine Genetic Diseases (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

The Sick Adult Horse
Clinicopathologic evaluation of renal function and renal disease in sick adult horses remains grounded in detection of azotemia, assessment of serum and urine electrolyte concentrations, and evaluation of urinalysis findings, including specific gravity, reagent strip analysis, and sediment examination. Because increases in serum or plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations are insensitive indicators of a decreased glomerular filtration rate, there is considerable interest in identifying novel biomarkers of renal function or injury in blood and urine, with serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration being the mo...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - February 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Harold C. Schott, Melissa M. Esser Source Type: research

A Word of Thanks from the Editors
Clinical pathology is an integral component of veterinary medicine, and we hope this issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice will serve as a source of valuable and practical information for our equine veterinarian friends, colleagues, and equine-oriented students and trainees. We would like to thank Dr Tom Divers, as well as Don Mumford and Colleen Dietzler at Elsevier, for the opportunity to serve as coeditors of this issue. Most importantly, this project would not have been possible without our contributing authors, and for their time, expertise, and tremendous effort, we are so grateful. (Source: V...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - February 5, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: SallyAnne L. DeNotta, Tracy Stokol Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a marker of inflammation and infection in the horse that can be assessed in the field, with rapid and marked changes seen following initiation of an inflammatory stimulus. This quality of SAA also makes its clinical use challenging, because even small inflammatory conditions can cause large changes in SAA levels. Review of the current literature provides guidelines for responses of SAA to various conditions, which can be applied to specific clinical cases. The practitioner is encouraged to use SAA in conjunction with physical examination and other diagnostic modalities to guide treatment and monito...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - January 28, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Alicia Long, Rose Nolen-Walston Source Type: research