Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Contributors
RAMIRO E. TORIBIO, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Lauren V. Schnabel (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Toxicologic Disorders (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Cantharidin
is the toxic component of blister beetles of the genus Epicauta. Cantharidin is a potent vesicant which causes blisters, erosions, and ulcerations in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and can cause myocardial necrosis. Blister beetles are found over most of North America and specifically contaminate alfalfa at harvest. History of alfalfa feeding, with colic, dysuria, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia are suggestive of blister beetle toxicosis. Myocardial damage causes increased serum cardiac troponin 1. Tentative diagnosis can be made by finding the beetles in feed or ingesta. Definitive diagnosis requires detection...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - September 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Karyn Bischoff Source Type: research

Snake Envenomation
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) in horses can have devastating outcomes. Tissue damage, cardiotoxicity, coagulopathy, and neurotoxicity can be concerns with SBE. Understanding the actions of venom components is important in developing a successful treatment plan. Antivenom is the mainstay of treatment. Long-term deleterious effects can occur including cardiac dysfunction and lameness. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - September 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Lyndi L. Gilliam Source Type: research

Ionophores
are a class of polyether antibiotics that are commonly used as anticoccidial agents and growth promotants in ruminant diets. Ionophores transport ions across lipid membranes and down concentration gradients, which results in mitochondrial destruction, reduced cellular energy production, and ultimately cell death. Cardiomyocytes are the primary target in equine patients when exposed to toxic concentrations and the clinical disease syndrome is related to myocardial damage. Animals can survive acute exposures but can have permanent heart damage that may result in acute death at future time points. Animals that survive a pois...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - September 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Scott A. Fritz, Jeffery O. Hall Source Type: research

Equine Autologous Conditioned Serum and Autologous Protein Solution
Orthobiologics are used with increasing frequency in equine musculoskeletal disease to improve the quality of the repair tissue and prevent reinjury. Autologous blood-based products, or hemoderivatives, are made by processing the patient ’s blood using different systems to produce a final therapeutic product. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and autologous protein solution (APS) are commonly used to treat joint disorders and can also be used treat tendon and ligament injuries. Hemoderivatives contain increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, and growth factors that help direct tissue...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kyla F. Ortved Source Type: research

Use of Stem Cells for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Horses
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as a regenerative therapy in horses for musculoskeletal injury since the late 1990s and in some regions are standard of care for certain injuries. Yet, there is no Food and Drug Administration –approved MSC therapeutic in the United States for horses. In humans, lack of regulatory approval in the United States has been caused by failure of late-phase clinical trials to demonstrate consistent efficacy, perhaps because of nonuniformity of MSC preparation and application techniques. This a rticle discusses clinical evidence for musculoskeletal applications of MSCs in the horse and curr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ashlee E. Watts Source Type: research

Use of Biologics and Stem Cells in the Treatment of Other Inflammatory Diseases in the Horse
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful immunomodulatory cells that act via multiple mechanisms to coordinate, inhibit, and control the cells of the immune system. MSCs act as rescuers for various damaged or degenerated cells of the body via (1) cytokines, growth factors, and signaling molecules; (2) extracellular vesicle (exosome) signaling; and (3) direct donation of mitochondria. Several studies evaluating the efficacy of MSCs have used MSCs grown using xenogeneic media, which may reduce or eliminate efficacy. Although more research is needed to optimize the anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs, there is ample evidenc...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 20, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jennifer G. Barrett, Elizabeth S. MacDonald Source Type: research

Dedications
This issue is dedicated to Dr Alan Nixon, BVSc, MS, Diplomate, ACVS (1955 –2023). Alan was a true horseman and a pioneer in the fields of equine musculoskeletal regenerative therapies and orthopedic surgery. He was an outstanding mentor, teacher, colleague, and friend to so many of us that worked with him at Cornell University and beyond and will be greatly missed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 18, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Overview of Equine Stem Cells
Over the past 2  decades, equine veterinarians are turning increasingly to stem cell therapies to repair damaged tissues or to promote healing through modulation of the immune system. Research is ongoing into optimizing practices associated with stem cell product transport, dosage, and administration. Culture-expa nded equine mesenchymal stem cell therapies seem safe, even when used allogeneically, but various safety concerns should be considered. Stem cells and cellular reprogramming tools hold great promise for future equine therapies. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 11, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Thomas G. Koch, Alexander G. Kuzma-Hunt, Keith A. Russell Source Type: research

Introduction to Equine Biologic and Regenerative Therapies
This article provides the practitioner with a brief and basic overview of the regenerative products currently used in equine practice. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Lindsey Boone, John Peroni Source Type: research

Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an orthobiologic therapy composed of platelets, leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins. PRP has been used for 20  years, but progress determining efficacy has been slow. The definitions and classification of PRP are reviewed, and the use of PRP for tendon, ligament, and joint disease is discussed with a focus on findings of basic science and clinical studies, platelet activation, concurrent administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and treatment complications. Finally, the advantages of platelet lysates and freeze-dried platelets are discussed. The promising results of...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Taralyn M. McCarrel Source Type: research

Advances in Regional Vascular Injection Techniques for the Delivery of Stem Cells to Musculoskeletal Injury Sites
Vascular injections of stem cells are a pertinent alternative to direct intralesional injections when treating multiple or extensive lesions or with lesions impossible to reach directly. Extensive research using stem cell tracking has shown that intra-arterial injections without the use of a tourniquet should be preferred over venous or arterial regional limb perfusion techniques using a tourniquet. The median artery is used for the front limbs and the cranial tibial artery for the hind limbs. Proper efficacy studies are still lacking but early clinical work seems promising. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mathieu Spriet, Betsy Vaughan, Myra Barrett, Larry D. Galuppo Source Type: research

Considerations for the Use of Biologic and Regenerative Therapies in Equine Practice
Biologic and regenerative therapies are commonly used in equine practice, yet many questions remain among practitioners regarding their use and safety. The purpose of this issue is to explain what the main biologic and regenerative therapies are in terms of their composition and mechanism of action as well as evidence to date for how they should be used, how they interact with other treatment modalities, and how to monitor response to treatment. While most of the issue focuses on musculoskeletal applications, other indications for the use of biologic and regenerative therapies are discussed, including wounds, ophthalmologi...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - August 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Lauren V. Schnabel Tags: Preface Source Type: research