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Genetics of Equine Ocular Disease
This article describes the current knowledge of inherited ocular disorders. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Rebecca R. Bellone Source Type: research

Genetics of Equine Muscle Disease
There are 5 single-gene mutations that are known to cause muscle disease in horses. These mutations alter the amino acid sequence of proteins involved in cell membrane electrical conduction, muscle energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and immunogenicity. The clinical signs depend on the pathway affected. The likelihood that an animal with a mutation will exhibit clinical signs depends on the mode of inheritance, environmental influences, and interactions with other genes. Selection of a genetic test for use in diagnostic or breeding decisions requires a knowledge of clinical signs, mode of inheritance, breeds affected, a...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stephanie J. Valberg Source Type: research

Genetics and Signaling Pathways of Laminitis
Laminitis is a devastating disease with diverse etiologies and few, if any, effective treatments. Gene expression and hypothesis-generating genomic studies have provided a fresh look at the key molecular players at crucial timepoints in diverse experimental and naturally affected tissues. We summarize findings to date, and propose a unifying model of the laminitis disease process that includes several pathogenesis concepts shared with other diseases of epidermal and epithelial tissues. The value of these new pathways as potential therapeutic targets is exciting but will require careful future work to validate new methods a...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Hannah Galantino-Homer, Samantha A. Brooks Source Type: research

Genetics, Genomics, and Emergent Precision Medicine 12  Years After the Equine Reference Genome Was Published
The first equine reference genome was completed in 2007 and published in 2009. This major accomplishment has enabled equine science to advance in ways that broadly parallel the transformative impact that genomics has had on many animal species including humans. A conceptual overview of reference genomes, genome annotation, and the major implications for equine science is presented. The relationship between genomic sequencing and the accelerating application of precision P4 medicine is discussed in the context of human and equine patients. Emergent technologies built on the foundation of genomic sequencing and rapidly gaini...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: James N. MacLeod, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch Source Type: research

Equine Genetic Diseases
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carrie J. Finno Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
THOMAS J. DIVERS, DVM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Carrie J. Finno (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice
Equine Dentistry and Oral Surgery (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 10, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Equine Genotyping Arrays
High-quality genomic tools have been integral in understanding genomic architecture and function in the modern-day horse. The equine genetics community has a long tradition of pooling resources to develop genomic tools. Since the equine genome was sequenced in 2006, several iterations of high throughput genotyping arrays have been developed and released, enabling rapid and cost-effective genotyping. This review highlights the design considerations of each iteration, focusing on data available during development and outlining considerations in selecting the genetic variants included on each array. Additionally, we outline r...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert J. Schaefer, Molly E. McCue Source Type: research

Genetic Testing in the Horse
This article describes the genetic tests that are currently available for horses. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Rebecca R. Bellone, Felipe Avila Source Type: research

Unraveling the Genetics Behind Equid Cardiac Disease
There have been some advances in understanding the genetic contribution to ventricular septal defects in Arabians, sudden death in racehorses, and atrial fibrillation in racehorses. No genetic analyses have been published for aortic rupture in Friesians or atrioventricular block in donkeys despite strong evidence for a genetic cause. To date, no genetic mutation has been identified for any equid cardiac disease. With the advancement of genetic tools and resources, we are moving closer to discoveries that may explain the heritable basis of inherited equid cardiac disease. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Samantha L. Fousse, Joshua A. Stern Source Type: research

Genetics of Equine Respiratory Disease
Genetic factors influence the development of guttural pouch tympany, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, severe equine asthma, exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and possibly also some malformations and infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. The current data suggest that most of these diseases are complex, resulting from the interaction between several genes and environmental factors. To date, no specific genes or causative mutations have been identified that would allow the development of practical genetic tests. In the future, genetic profiling panels, based on multiple genetic markers and environmental risk facto...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Vince Gerber Source Type: research

Genetics of Equine Orthopedic Disease
Orthopedic diseases are a common cause for limited exercise capacity in the horse. They often underlie genetic risk factors, which can affect bone, articular cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and adnexal structures among others. The genetic effects can directly interfere with tissue development and skeletal growth or can trigger degenerative or inflammatory processes. Many of these diseases of the locomotor system like osteochondrosis are complex and can be affected by multifactorial influences. For this reason, it is important for those performing diagnostic procedures to have a comprehensive knowledge of orthopedic diseases...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Julia Metzger, Ottmar Distl Source Type: research

Genetics of Skin Disease in Horses
Equine skin diseases are common, causing increased costs and reduced welfare of affected horses.Genetic testing, if available, can complement early detection, disease diagnosis, and clinical treatment and offers horse breeders the possibility to rule out carrier status. The mechanisms of complex disease can be investigated by using the latest state-of-the-art genomic technologies. Genome-based strategies may also serve as an efficient and cost-effective strategy for the management of the disease severity levels, with particular interest in complex traits such as insect bite hypersensitivity, chronic progressive lymphedema,...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - June 9, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Gabriella Lindgren, Rakan Naboulsi, Rebecka Frey, Marina Sol é Source Type: research