Contributors
JASON L. HORNICK, MD, PhD (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - August 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Contents
Lauren L. Ritterhouse (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - August 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Bone Tumor Pathology (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - August 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Notochordal Tumors
This review provides an overview of the spectrum of tumors showing notochordal differentiation. This spectrum encompasses benign entities that are mostly discovered incidentally on imaging, reported as benign notochordal cell tumor, usually not requiring surgical intervention; slowly growing and histologically low-grade tumors referred to as conventional chordoma but associated with a significant metastatic potential and mortality; and more aggressive disease represented by histologically higher-grade tumors including dedifferentiated chordoma, a high-grade biphasic tumor characterized by a conventional chordoma juxtaposed...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 27, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Roberto Tirabosco, Paul O'Donnell, Adrienne M. Flanagan Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Gliomas
Gliomas are the most common adult and pediatric primary brain tumors. Molecular studies have identified features that can enhance diagnosis and provide biomarkers. IDH1/2 mutation with ATRX and TP53 mutations defines diffuse astrocytomas, whereas IDH1/2 mutations with 1p19q loss defines oligodendroglioma. Focal amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinase genes, TERT promoter mutation, and loss of chromosomes 10 and 13 with trisomy of chromosome 7 are characteristic features of glioblastoma and can be used for diagnosis. BRAF gene fusions and mutations in low-grade gliomas and histone H3 mutations in high-grade gliomas also ...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Kristyn Galbraith, Matija Snuderl Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer
Molecular profiling studies have shed new light on the complex biology of prostate cancer. Genomic studies have highlighted that structural rearrangements are among the most common recurrent alterations. In addition, both germline and somatic mutations in DNA repair genes are enriched in patients with advanced disease. Primary prostate cancer has long been known to be multifocal, but recent studies demonstrate that a large fraction of prostate cancer shows evidence of multiclonality, suggesting that genetically distinct, independently arising tumor clones coexist. Metastatic prostate cancer shows a high level of morphologi...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Ibrahim Kulac, Martine P. Roudier, Michael C. Haffner Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Gastroesophageal Cancer
Upper gastroesophageal carcinomas consist of cancers arising from the esophagus and stomach. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are seen in the esophagus and despite arising from the same organ have different biology. Gastric adenocarcinomas are categorized into 4 molecular subtypes: high Epstein-Barr virus load, microsatellite unstable cancers, chromosomal unstable (CIN) cancers, and genomically stable cancers. Genomically stable gastric cancers correlate highly with histologically defined diffuse-type cancers. Esophageal carcinomas and CIN gastric cancers often are driven by high-level amplifications of oncogen...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Matthew D. Stachler, Ramon U. Jin Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Breast Tumors
Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease with various histologic subtypes, molecular profiles, behaviors, and response to therapy. After the histologic assessment and diagnosis of an invasive breast carcinoma, the use of biomarkers, multigene expression assays and mutation profiling may be used. With improved molecular assays, the identification of somatic genetic alterations in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are playing an increasingly important role in many areas of breast cancer care. This review summarizes the most clinically significant somatic alterations in breast tumors and how this information is used to ...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Dara S. Ross, Fresia Pareja Source Type: research
Molecular Alterations in Pediatric Solid Tumors
Pediatric tumors can be divided into hematologic malignancies, central nervous system tumors, and extracranial solid tumors of bone, soft tissue, or other organ systems. Molecular alterations that impact diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and familial cancer risk have been described in many pediatric solid tumors. In addition to providing a concise summary of clinically relevant molecular alterations in extracranial pediatric solid tumors, this review discusses conventional and next-generation sequencing –based molecular techniques, relevant tumor predisposition syndromes, and the increasing integration of molecular data i...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Jonathan C. Slack, Alanna J. Church Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Mature Lymphoid Malignancies
Lymphoid malignancies are a broad and heterogeneous group of neoplasms. In the past decade, the genetic landscape of these tumors has been explored and cataloged in fine detail offering a glimpse into the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis and new opportunities to translate these findings into patient management. A myriad of studies have demonstrated both distinctive and overlapping molecular and chromosomal abnormalities that have influenced the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma, disease prognosis, and treatment selection. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 8, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Alisha D. Ware, Katelynn Davis, Rena R. Xian Source Type: research
Molecular Methods
Pre-analytical factors in molecular oncology diagnostics are reviewed. Issues around sample collection, storage, and transport that might affect the stability of nucleic acids and the ability to perform molecular testing are addressed. In addition, molecular methods used commonly in clinical diagnostic laboratories, including newer technologies such as next-generation sequencing and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction, as well as their applications, are reviewed. Finally, we discuss considerations in designing a molecular test menu to deliver accurate and timely results in an efficient and cost-effective manner. (Sou...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Mark D. Ewalt, Susan J. Hsiao Source Type: research
Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer
The identification of targetable genomic alterations in lung cancer is required as standard of care to guide optimal therapy selection. With a constantly evolving landscape of ancillary molecular and biomarker testing in lung cancer, pathologists need to be aware of what specimens to test, how the testing should be performed, and which targets to test for to provide the clinically relevant genomic information necessary to treat these patients. Several guideline statements on the topic are currently available to help pathologists and laboratory personnel best use the small specimens obtained from patients with lung cancer f...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri Source Type: research
The Evolving Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Pathology
The clinical implementation of molecular diagnostic technologies continues to expand across a wide variety of tumor types and has been shown to have utility for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Genomic studies continue to expand our understanding of pathobiology with revelations that some differing tumor types are part of the same spectrum of disease; such is the case with esophageal adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach (Stachler and Jin). (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - July 1, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Lauren L. Ritterhouse Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Update on Cutaneous Soft Tissue Tumors
This article focuses on various recently described or emerging cutaneous soft tissue neoplasms. These entities encompass a wide range of clinical and histologic characteristics. Emphasis is placed on their distinguishing morphologic and immunophenotypic features compared with entities that enter into their differential diagnosis, as well as novel immunophenotypic and molecular tests that are often necessary for accurate diagnosis of these entities. Entities discussed include EWSR1-SMAD3-rearranged fibroblastic tumor, superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor, epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma, CIC-rearranged sarcomas, an...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - May 20, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Josephine K. Dermawan, Jennifer S. Ko, Steven D. Billings Source Type: research
Connective Tissue Diseases in the Skin
Cutaneous manifestations are common across the spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Connective tissue diseases manifesting in the skin are often difficult to classify and require integration of clinical, histopathologic, and serologic findings. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular and immune drivers involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma/systemic sclerosis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Recent research advances have led to the emergence of new ancillary tools and useful diagnostic clues of which dermatopathologists should be aware to impro...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - May 20, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Carole Bitar, May P. Chan Source Type: research
