Endocrine Pathology
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY CLINICS (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Nicole A. Cipriani Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Contributors
JASON L. HORNICK, MD, PhD (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Contents
Nicole A. Cipriani (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Hematopathology (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 3, 2023 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Hematopathology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Coronavirus Disease-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and is associated with pronounced hematopathologic findings. Peripheral blood features are heterogeneous and very often include neutrophilia, lymphopenia, myeloid left shift, abnormally segmented neutrophils, atypical lymphocytes/plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and atypical monocytes. Bone marrow biopsies and aspirates are often notable for histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis, whereas secondary lymphoid organs may exhibit lymphocyte depletion, pronounced plasmacytoid infiltrates, and hemophagocytosis. These changes are reflective of profound inn...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 1, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Fabienne Lucas, Sam Sadigh Source Type: research

Hematopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with pronounced hematopathologic findings. Peripheral blood features are heterogeneous and very often include neutrophilia, lymphopenia, myeloid left shift, abnormally segmented neutrophils, atypical lymphocytes/ plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and atypical monocytes. Bone marrow biopsies and aspirates are often notable for histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis, while secondary lymphoid organs may exhibit lymphocyte depletion, pronounced plasmacytoid infiltrates, and hemophagocytosis. These changes are ref...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - February 1, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Fabienne Lucas, Sam Sadigh Source Type: research

It Does Exist! Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Carcinomas Originating in Struma Ovarii
Thyroid carcinoma originating in struma ovarii comprises a small minority of all cases of struma ovarii. Given the rarity of this diagnosis, literature to guide evaluation and management is limited. The most common carcinoma originating from struma ovarii is papillary thyroid carcinoma. Treatment includes surgery, including a fertility sparing approach if disease is confined to the ovary, with consideration of total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation for high-risk pathologic features or disease spread beyond the ovary. This review discusses the histopathologic findings, molecular pathology, clinical implications...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 13, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Lynelle P. Smith, Lindsay W. Brubaker, Rebecca J. Wolsky Source Type: research

Light It Up! The Use of DOTATATE in Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnostic imaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT has demonstrated the improved sensitivity in detecting primary and metastatic neuroendocrine lesions compared with conventional imaging and prior generation somatostatin receptor imaging. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE is now frequently included in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms, with prospective randomized control studies demonstrating its beneficial impact on survival and quality of life. Nonetheless, peptide rector radionuclid...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 13, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Jason L. Schwarz, Jelani K. Williams, Xavier M. Keutgen, Chih-Yi Liao Source Type: research

Challenges in Encapsulated Follicular-Patterned Tumors: How Much Is Enough? Evaluation of Nuclear Atypia, Architecture, and Invasion
Thyroid pathology is notoriously fraught with high interobserver variability, and follicular-patterned tumors are among some of the most challenging to assess accurately and reproducibly. Given that encapsulated or well-circumscribed follicular-patterned tumors often have similar molecular profiles, that is, frequent RAS or RAS-like alterations, the diagnosis usually relies on histopathologic examination alone. Unfortunately, many of the features that are used for diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors have long been controversial and frequently debated topics, both due to their subjectivity and their evolving (or not yet...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 12, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Kristine S. Wong, Justine A. Barletta Source Type: research

On the Chopping Block
Mutational inactivation of the DICER1 gene causes aberrant micro-RNA maturation, which in turn may have consequences for the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, thereby contributing to tumor formation in various organs. Germline DICER1 mutations cause DICER1 syndrome, a pleiotropic condition with an increased risk of various neoplastic conditions in the pleura, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, pineal gland, and mesenchymal tissues. Somatic DICER1 mutations are also frequently observed in a wide variety of solid tumors, thereby highlighting the importance of this gene in tumor development. In this review, the imp...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 12, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Carl Christofer Juhlin Source Type: research

Applications of Deep Learning in Endocrine Neoplasms
Machine learning methods have been growing in prominence across all areas of medicine. In pathology, recent advances in deep learning (DL) have enabled computational analysis of histological samples, aiding in diagnosis and characterization in multiple disease areas. In cancer, and particularly endocrine cancer, DL approaches have been shown to be useful in tasks ranging from tumor grading to gene expression prediction. This review summarizes the current state of DL research in endocrine cancer histopathology with an emphasis on experimental design, significant findings, and key limitations. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 12, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Siddhi Ramesh, James M. Dolezal, Alexander T. Pearson Source Type: research

To Freeze or Not to Freeze? Recommendations for Intraoperative Examination and Gross Prosection of Thyroid Glands
The use of intraoperative consultation for indeterminate thyroid lesions is not advocated but is still requested by some surgeons. Obscured cytomorphology and nonrepresentative sampling limit the specificity of intraoperative assessment. Formalin fixation of thyroid glands before sectioning also minimizes artifacts introduced by fresh sectioning. Inking of thyroid may vary based on institutional preferences and information desired by clinical teams. Sectioning may occur in the conventional transverse method or the modified transverse vertical method to more thoroughly evaluate the lesion ’s periphery. Gross examination o...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 10, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Fouad R. Zakka, Nicole A. Cipriani Source Type: research

This is Your Thyroid on Drugs
This review aims to provide an overview of the molecular pathogenesis thyroid carcinomas, emphasizing genetic alterations that are therapeutically actionable. The main pathways in thyroid carcinogenesis are the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Point mutations and gene rearrangements affecting the pathway effectors and receptor tyrosine kinases are well-known drivers of thyroid cancer. Research over the past few decades has successfully introduced highly effective treatments for unresectable thyroid cancer, evolving from multi-kinase inhibitors to structurally selective agents, with constantly improving toxicity profiles and coverag...
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 10, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Ying-Hsia Chu Source Type: research

No Longer Well-Differentiated
This article will describe the required features to diagnose PDTC and DHGTC, differential diagnostic considerations, molecular findings, and clinical implications. It is intended to be a general synopsis of the most critical elements of PDTC and DHGTC as well as a summary of points in approaching these challenging cases. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)
Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics - December 9, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Vincent Cracolici Source Type: research