Using Natural Language Processing on Electronic Health Records to Enhance Detection and Prediction of Psychosis Risk
ConclusionsUsing NLP on EHRs can considerably enhance the prognostic accuracy of psychosis risk calculators. This can help identify patients at risk of psychosis who require assessment and specialized care, facilitating earlier detection and potentially improving patient outcomes. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 7, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Excess Mortality and Life-Years Lost in People With Schizophrenia and Other Non-affective Psychoses: An 11-Year Population-Based Cohort Study
AbstractPsychotic disorders are associated with premature mortality, but research was primarily based on Western countries and rarely examined non-affective psychoses other than schizophrenia (ONAP). This population-based cohort study investigated excess mortality in 46 896 schizophrenia and 20 651 ONAP patients between January 2006 and December 2016 in Hong Kong (HK), by estimating all-cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and life-years lost (LYLs), a recently developed, more precise reduced life expectancy measure taking into account the illness onset (age at first-recorded diagnosis). Changes i...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - October 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
ConclusionsOur conceptual framework, comprising 5 understandings, highlights the complexity of studying identity changes and suggests important implications for practice and research. For clinicians, this framework can inform new therapeutic approaches where the experience and impact of identity changes are acknowledged and addressed as part of treatment. For researchers, the conceptual framework offers a way of locating their understandings of identity changes when undertaking research in this area. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 29, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Do Psychological Interventions Work for Psychosis in Adolescents?
ConclusionsEvidence suggests that psychological interventions may have beneficial effects in the treatment of adolescents with psychosis, but the evidence is of low or very low certainty. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 25, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
High Mobility Group Protein 1 and Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 in Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Associations With Interleukin-6, Symptom Domains, and Neurocognitive Impairments
ConclusionsThe neurotoxic effects of HMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 including the effects on the blood-brain barrier and the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway may cause impairments in executive functions and working, episodic, and semantic memory and explain, in part, PHEMN symptoms and a nonresponse to treatment with antipsychotic drugs. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 24, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Dissimilarity in Sulcal Width Patterns in the Cortex can be Used to Identify Patients With Schizophrenia With Extreme Deficits in Cognitive Performance
AbstractSchizophrenia is a biologically complex disorder with multiple regional deficits in cortical brain morphology. In addition, interindividual heterogeneity of cortical morphological metrics is larger in patients with schizophrenia when compared to healthy controls. Exploiting interindividual differences in the severity of cortical morphological deficits in patients instead of focusing on group averages may aid in detecting biologically informed homogeneous subgroups. The person-based similarity index (PBSI) of brain morphology indexes an individual ’s morphometric similarity across numerous cortical regions amongst...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Hallucinations Under Psychedelics and in the Schizophrenia Spectrum: An Interdisciplinary and Multiscale Comparison
This report from a multidisciplinary working group of theInternational Consortium on Hallucinations Research (ICHR) addresses this issue, putting special emphasis on hallucinatory experiences. We review evidence collected at different scales of understanding, from pharmacology to brain-imaging, phenomenology and anthropology, highlighting similarities and differences between hallucinations under psychedelics and in the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Finally, we attempt to integrate these findings using computational approaches and conclude with recommendations for future research. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 18, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults
AbstractAlthough the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18 –35 years of age,M = 26.52, SD = 4.74,n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 16, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Baseline Cortical Thickness Reductions in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Brain Regions Associated with Conversion to Psychosis Versus Non-Conversion as Assessed at One-Year Follow-Up in the Shanghai-At-Risk-for-Psychosis (SHARP) Study
ConclusionsThese results show for the first time that fronto-temporo-parietal abnormalities characterized all CHR, that is, both converters and non-converters, relative to HC, while CT abnormalities in converters relative to CHR-NC and HC were found in core auditory and language processing regions. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 14, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Economic Evaluation of Extended Early Intervention Service vs Regular Care Following 2 Years of Early Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
AbstractCost-effectiveness studies of early intervention services (EIS) for psychosis have not included extension beyond the first 2 years. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a 3-year extension of EIS compared to regular care (RC) from the public health care payer ’s perspective. Following 2 years of EIS in a university setting in Montreal, Canada, patients were randomized to a 3-year extension of EIS (n = 110) or RC (n = 110). Months of total symptom remission served as the main outcome measure. Resource use and cost data for publicly covered health care services were derived mostly from administrative syst...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Implementing Precision Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Individualized Prediction Models for Clinical Practice
This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of validated prediction models to estimate the individual risk of being affected with a condition (diagnostic), developing outcomes (prognostic), or responding to treatments (predictive) in mental disorders.MethodsPRISMA/RIGHT/CHARMS-compliant systematic review of the Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Reviews, and Ovid/PsycINFO databases from inception until July 21, 2019 (PROSPERO CRD42019155713) to identify diagnostic/prognostic/predictive prediction studies that reported individualized estimates in psychiatry and that were internally or externally validated or...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 11, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Individuals With Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome and Early Psychosis: Support for the 5 Consensus Domains
AbstractNegative symptoms are prevalent in the prodromal and first-episode phases of psychosis and highly predictive of poor clinical outcomes (eg, liability for conversion and functioning). However, the latent structure of negative symptoms is unclear in the early phases of illness. Determining the latent structure of negative symptoms in early psychosis (EP) is of critical importance for early identification, prevention, and treatment efforts. In the current study, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate latent structure in relation to 4 theoretically derived models: 1. a 1-factor model, 2. a 2-factor model wit...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The MIR137 VNTR rs58335419 Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia and Altered Cortical Morphology
AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have strongly implicated a risk locus in close proximity to the gene for miR-137. While there are candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with functional implications for the microRNA ’s expression encompassed by the common haplotype tagged by rs1625579, there are likely to be others, such as the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant rs58335419, that have no proxy on the SNP genotyping platforms used in GWAS to date. Using whole-genome sequencing data from schizophrenia patients (n = 299) and healthy controls (n = 131), we observed that theMI...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Dopamine and Glutamate in Antipsychotic-Responsive Compared With Antipsychotic-Nonresponsive Psychosis: A Multicenter Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study (STRATA)
AbstractThe variability in the response to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia may reflect between-patient differences in neurobiology. Recent cross-sectional neuroimaging studies suggest that a poorer therapeutic response is associated with relatively normal striatal dopamine synthesis capacity but elevated anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate levels. We sought to test whether these measures can differentiate patients with psychosis who are antipsychotic responsive from those who are antipsychotic nonresponsive in a multicenter cross-sectional study.1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to measur...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Embracing the Complexity of Heterogeneity in Schizophrenia: A New Perspective From Latent Clinical-Anatomical Dimensions
Support continues to grow for the idea that schizophrenia, as we know it, is not a discrete illness but rather a generalized symptom of brain dysfunction. Distinct groups of individuals, sharing some common symptoms, may be affected by different underlying pathophysiology. This idea is driven by a number of factors, including clinical observations suggesting a wide variation in patient phenomenology, course, demographics, and prognosis (eg, deficit syndrome1). Further support comes from a series of new studies that have adopted unsupervised machine learning approaches and generated compelling evidence to suggest biological...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
