Hospital Presentation for Self-Harm in Youth as a Risk Marker for Later Psychotic and Bipolar Disorders: A Cohort Study of 59 476 Finns
AbstractExpanding clinical strategies to identify high risk groups for psychotic and bipolar disorders is a research priority. Considering that individuals diagnosed with psychotic and bipolar disorder are at high risk of self-harm, we hypothesised the reverse order relationship would also be true (ie, self-harm would predict psychotic/bipolar disorder). Specifically, we hypothesised that hospital presentation for self-harm would be a marker of high risk for subsequent development of psychotic/bipolar disorder and sought to test this hypothesis in a large population sample. This prospective register-based study included ev...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Duration of Untreated Psychosis in First-Episode Psychosis is not Associated With Common Genetic Variants for Major Psychiatric Conditions: Results From the Multi-Center EU-GEI Study
AbstractDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with clinical outcomes in people with a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but factors associated with length of DUP are still poorly understood. Aiming to obtain insights into the possible biological impact on DUP, we report genetic analyses of a large multi-center phenotypically well-defined sample encompassing individuals with a diagnosis of FEP recruited from 6 countries spanning 17 research sites, as part of the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Genetic propensity was measured u...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 8, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Evidence for Reduced Long-Term Potentiation-Like Visual Cortical Plasticity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
AbstractSeveral lines of research suggest that impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like synaptic plasticity might be a key pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder type I (BDI) and II (BDII). Using modulations of visually evoked potentials (VEP) of the electroencephalogram, impaired LTP-like visual cortical plasticity has been implicated in patients with BDII, while there has been conflicting evidence in SZ, a lack of research in BDI, and mixed results regarding associations with symptom severity, mood states, and medication. We measured the VEP of patients with SZ spectrum disorders ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 8, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Abnormal Gesture Perception and Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis
AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders exhibit abnormalities in the perception of expressive behaviors, which are linked to symptoms and visual information processing domains. Specifically, literature suggests these groups have difficulties perceiving gestures that accompany speech. While our understanding of gesture perception in psychotic disorders is growing, gesture perception abnormalities and clues about potential causes and consequences among individuals meeting criteria for a clinical high-risk (CHR) syndrome is limited. Presently, 29 individuals with a CHR syndrome and 32 healthy controls completed...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 8, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
New Insights Into Sedentary Behavior Highlight the Need to Revisit the Way We See Motor Symptoms in Psychosis
Sedentary behaviors encompass a range of light intensity physical activities, such as screen time or sitting when socializing, commuting, or doing desk-based work.1 In general, the time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors is linked to mortality, supporting the notion that “sitting is the new smoking.” Individuals with schizophrenia represent a population characterized by high levels of this problematic behavior, and our field has historically attributed it to several external sources. First, it has been tied to the soporific effects of early pharmacological treat ments. More recently, the contribution of drug-induced...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Need for Ethnic and Population Diversity in Psychosis Research
This article aims to evaluate “racial”, ethnic, and population diversity—or lack thereof—in psychosis research, with a particular focus on socio-environmental studies. Samples of psychosis research remain heavily biased toward Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Furthermore, we ofte n fail to acknowledge the lack of diversity, thereby implying that our findings can be generalized to all populations regardless of their social, ethnic, and cultural background. This has major consequences. Clinical trials generate findings that are not generalizable across ethnicity. The genomic-...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Prognostic Accuracy of DSM-5 Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome in Adolescents: Prospective Real-World 5-Year Cohort Study
AbstractThere is limited research in adolescents at risk for psychosis. The newDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attenuated psychosis syndrome (DSM-5 APS) criteria have not been validated in this group. We conducted a RECORD-compliant, real-world, prospective, 5-year cohort study addressing clinical profile, transition to psychosis, and prognostic accuracy of DSM-5 APS in help-seeking inpatient/outpatient adolescents accessing Children and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric services at IRCCS Mondino Foundation (Pavia, Lombardy, Italy) between 2012 and 2019. About 243 adolescents (31 early-onset ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
miR-936 is Increased in Schizophrenia and Inhibits Neural Development and AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission
AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play important roles in the development and function of synapses. miR-936 is a primate-specific miRNA increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of individuals with schizophrenia. The significance of miR-936 increase to schizophrenia is unknown. Here, we show that miR-936 in the human DLPFC is enriched in cortical layer 2/3 and expressed in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. miR-936 is increased from layers 2 to 6 of the DLPFC in schizophrenia samples. In neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iNs), miR-936 r...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Targeting Treatments to Health Disparities
AbstractThese initial data suggest that with prenatal vitamins and choline supplements, we might decrease one risk factor associated with poorer health outcomes disproportionally affecting Black families, ie, preterm birth. Dissemination of this research fulfills the principle of Justice in the Belmont Report, to ensure that participants from different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups receive benefits from research directed to their specific problems. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Sensorimotor Neuroscience in Mental Disorders: Progress, Perspectives and Challenges
The research in the field of sensorimotor functioning1 –4 in distinct psychiatric disorders has grown exponentially in the last 3 decades (see also recent reviews2,4 –9), spurring a discussion10,11 about the scientific and clinical relevance of sensorimotor neuroscience in mental disorders. We propose that the future research on sensorimotor dysfunction will need to consider distinct multi-omics layers to succeed in the development of innovative prevention and diagnostic strategies in the identification of novel targets for psychopharmacological research and therapy as well as of treatment response biomarkers in mental...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - May 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Peripubertal mGluR2/3 Agonist Treatment Prevents Hippocampal Dysfunction and Dopamine System Hyperactivity in Adulthood in MAM Model of Schizophrenia
AbstractPomaglumetad methionil (POM), a group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) agonist, showed promise as a novel antipsychotic in preclinical research but failed to show efficacy in clinical trials, though it has been suggested that it may be effective in certain patient populations, including early in disease patients. We used the methyazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rat model of schizophrenia to determine whether POM may prevent the development of dopamine (DA) system dysfunction in a model representative of the hyperdopaminergic state thought to underlie psychosis, compared to control (SAL) rats. MAM and SAL ra...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Psychopathological Syndromes Across Affective and Psychotic Disorders Correlate With Gray Matter Volumes
ConclusionsWe found associations between psychopathological syndromes and regional GMV independent of diagnosis. Our findings open a new avenue for neurobiological research across disorders, using syndrome-based approaches rather than categorical diagnoses. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Structural Covariance of Cortical Gyrification at Illness Onset in Treatment Resistance: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Psychoses
AbstractTreatment resistance (TR) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major cause of disability and functional impairment, yet mechanisms underlying this severe disorder are poorly understood. As one view is that TR has neurodevelopmental roots, we investigated whether its emergence relates to disruptions in synchronized cortical maturation quantified using gyrification-based connectomes. Seventy patients with FEP evaluated at their first presentation to psychiatric services were followed up using clinical records for 4 years; of these, 17 (24.3%) met the definition of TR and 53 (75.7%) remained non-TR at 4...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 14, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Altered Peripersonal Space and the Bodily Self in Schizophrenia: A Virtual Reality Study
AbstractSelf-disturbances such as an anomalous perception of one ’s own body boundary are central to the phenomenology of schizophrenia (SZ), but measuring the spatial parameters of the hypothesized self–other boundary has proved to be challenging. Peripersonal space (PPS) refers to the immediate zone surrounding the body where the self interacts physically w ith the environment; the space that corresponds to hypothesized self–other boundary. PPS is represented by enhanced multisensory integration and faster reaction time (RT) for objects near the body. Thus, multisensory RT tasks can be used to estimate self–other...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Association Between Specific Childhood Adversities and Symptom Dimensions in People With Psychosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractDespite the accepted link between childhood abuse and positive psychotic symptoms, findings between other adversities, such as neglect, and the remaining dimensions in people with psychosis have been inconsistent, with evidence not yet reviewed quantitatively. The aim of this study was to systematically examine quantitatively the association between broadly defined childhood adversity (CA), abuse (sexual/physical/emotional), and neglect (physical/emotional) subtypes, with positive, negative, depressive, manic, and disorganized dimensions in those with psychosis. A search was conducted across EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychI...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 9, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
