Clinical Consequences of Motor Behavior as Transdiagnostic Phenomenon
The paper of Walther and Mittal contains important new insights of motor behavior in psychosis and other severe mental illness (SMI) research. They discuss the role of motor abnormalities, eg, dyskinesia, parkinsonism, bradykinesia, motor coordination problems, neurological soft signs, stereotypies, hand gesture defects, and catatonia, as transdiagnostic markers directly linked to psychopathology in psychosis and other SMI. That motor abnormalities were inherent in psychotic disorders had been known for more than a hundred years and several meta-analyses confirm an increased risk of dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and neurologic...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Puzzle of Functional Recovery in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders —Replicating a Network Analysis Study
ConclusionsResults solidify the network analysis approach in the context of mental disorders and further inform future studies about key variables in the context of recovery from psychotic disorders. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
(Developmental) Motor Signs: Reconceptualizing a Potential Transdiagnostic Marker of Psychopathological Vulnerability
Motor signs are increasingly acknowledged as candidate transdiagnostic endophenotypic features in different clinical stages of severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders.1 –4 At the same time, motor signs in children and adolescents are widely recognized as proxy features of an altered neurodevelopmental trajectory associated with a higher risk of psychopathological manifestations. These motor abnormalities, spanning from developmental motor delays (eg, sitting, walking) to motor signs (eg, dyscoordination, psychomotor retardation, and psychomotor agitation), presumably reflect complex, cu...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Relating Glutamate, Conditioned, and Clinical Hallucinations via 1H-MR Spectroscopy
ConclusionsThrough computational psychiatry, we bridge a pathophysiological theory of psychosis (glutamate hypofunction) with a cognitive model of hallucinations (prior-overweighting) with implications for the development of new treatments for hallucinations. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - February 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Motor Behavior is Relevant for Understanding Mechanism, Bolstering Prediction, And Improving Treatment: A Transdiagnostic Perspective
movementmotorschizophreniatransdiagnosticRDoC (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - February 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Anandamide Hydrolysis Inhibition Reverses the Long-Term Behavioral and Gene Expression Alterations Induced by MK-801 in Male Rats: Differential CB1 and CB2 Receptor-Mediated Effects
AbstractNMDA receptor blockade in rodents is commonly used to induce schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities, including cognitive deficits and social dysfunction. Aberrant glutamate and GABA transmission, particularly in adolescence, is implicated in these behavioral abnormalities. The endocannabinoid system modulates glutamate and GABA transmission, but the impact of endocannabinoid modulation on cognitive and social dysfunction is unclear. Here, we asked whether late-adolescence administration of the anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 can reverse behavioral deficits induced by early-adolescence administration of ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - January 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Dimensions of Formal Thought Disorder and Their Relation to Gray- and White Matter Brain Structure in Affective and Psychotic Disorders
AbstractFactorial dimensions and neurobiological underpinnings of formal thought disorders (FTD) have been extensively investigated in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, FTD are also highly prevalent in other disorders. Still, there is a lack of knowledge about transdiagnostic, structural brain correlates of FTD. InN = 1071 patients suffering from DSM-IV major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or SSD, we calculated a psychopathological factor model of FTD based on the SAPS and SANS scales. We tested the association of FTD dimensions with 3 T MRI measured gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter fraction...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - January 22, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Depression and Psychosis Risk Shared Vulnerability for Motor Signs Across Development, Symptom Dimensions, and Familial Risk
ConclusionsMotor signs may be a transdiagnostic marker of vulnerability for psychopathology. Early developmental motor delays could belie pluripotent, familial risk features. Unique items, eg, dyscoordination specifically related to PLEs, possibly reflecting processes inherent in distinct emerging forms of psychopathology. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - November 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
God ’s Light—A Tale About Revelations
Schizophrenia has been part of me since childhood. There are terrifying experiences that I would rather be without, while other incidents have had a profound impact on the life path I have chosen. In these incidents, the mind has taken me on a metaphysical journey. I have understood that what I have experienced and still experience is on a consciousness level that people without Schizophrenia don ’t visit in their minds. That world is beyond their grasp. With that said, it does not mean that I have access to a higher consciousness level because what is higher? Is it something superior, more intellectual? No. I have conta...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect HealthWealthy nations must do much more, much faster ‡
The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we —the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - September 6, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Range-Adaptive Value Representation in Different Stages of Schizophrenia: A Proof of Concept Study
AbstractAmotivation is related to value representation. A comprehensive account of amotivation requires a mechanistic understanding of how the brain exploits external information to represent value. To achieve maximal value discriminability, brain valuation system will dynamically adapt its coding sensitivity to the range of values available in any given condition, so-called range adaptive coding. We administered an experimental task to 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia (C-SCZ), 30 first-episode schizophrenia (FE-SCZ), 34 individuals with high social anhedonia (HSoA), and their paired controls to assess range adaptati...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Reducing Stigma Among Youth at Risk for Psychosis: A Call to Action
clinical high risk for psychosisprodromestigmayouthintersectionality (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Thought From the Machine: Neural Basis of Thoughts With a Coherent and Diminished Sense of Authorship
AbstractPatients with schizophrenia who experience inserted thoughts report a diminished sense of thought authorship. Based on its elusive neural basis, this functional neuroimaging study used a novel setup to convince healthy participants that a technical device triggers thoughts in their stream of consciousness. Self-reports indicate that participants experienced their thoughts as self-generated when they believed the (fake) device was deactivated, and attributed their thoughts externally when they believed the device was activated —an experience usually only reported by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Distinct ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Examining Side Effect Variability of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Variance
AbstractSide effects of antipsychotic drugs play a key role in nonadherence of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). While clinical observations suggest that side effect variability between patients may be considerable, statistical evidence is required to confirm this. Here, we hypothesized to find larger side effect variability under treatment compared with control. We included double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with a diagnosis of SSD treated with 1 out of 14 antipsychotics. Standard deviations of the pre-post treatment differences of weight gain, prolactin leve...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - August 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The COVID-19 Pandemic Introduces Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Complexity for Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
AbstractCOVID-19 has led to a great deal of general suffering and an increased prevalence of psychiatric illness worldwide. Within the area of psychosis-risk syndromes, a highly heterogeneous clinical population, the picture is quite nuanced as the social restrictions resulting from the pandemic have reduced stress for some and increased it for others. Further, a number of pandemic-related societal and cultural changes have obfuscated the diagnostic and treatment landscape in this area as well. In this opinion article, we describe several prototypical cases, representative of presentations seen in our clinical high-risk (C...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - July 14, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
