Molecular Genetic Risk for Psychosis Is Associated With Psychosis Risk Symptoms in a Population-Based UK Cohort: Findings From Generation Scotland
ConclusionsA data-driven phenotypic analysis enabled detection of association with genetic risk for schizophrenia in a population-based sample. Multiple polygenic risk signals and important sex differences suggest that genetic data may be useful in improving future phenotypic risk assessment. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Contingent Negative Variation Blunting and Psychomotor Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
AbstractThe contingent negative variation (CNV) is an event-related potential that provides a neural index of psychomotor processes (eg, attention and motor planning) well known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Although evidence suggests that CNV amplitude is blunted in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to healthy controls (HCs), there is currently no meta-analytic evidence for the size of the effect. Further, it is unknown how CNV blunting compares to closely related measures of psychomotor dysfunction, such as reaction time slowing. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled effect size (ES) acros...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
What Constitutes Sufficient Evidence for Case Formulation –Driven CBT for Psychosis? Cumulative Meta-analysis of the Effect on Hallucinations and Delusions
ConclusionsThe evidence base for the effect of CBTp on hallucinations and delusions demonstrates sufficiency and stability across comparisons, suggesting limited value of new trials evaluating generic CBTp. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 27, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Burying Our Heads in the Sand: The Neglected Importance of Reporting Inter-Rater Reliability in Antipsychotic Medication Trials
double-blind randomized trialstraining proceduresconsistency (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 18, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The Relationship Between Dissociation and Symptoms of Psychosis: A Meta-analysis
AbstractEvidence suggests that dissociation is associated with psychotic experiences, particularly hallucinations, but also other symptoms. However, until now, symptom-specific relationships with dissociation have not been comprehensively synthesized. This is the first prospectively registered (CRD42017058214) meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of association between dissociative experiences and all symptoms of psychosis. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched using exhaustive terms denoting dissociation and psychotic symptoms. We included both nonclinical (58 studies; 16 557 participants) and c...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 18, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Prism Adaptation Deficits in Schizophrenia
AbstractRecent clinical and neurobehavioral evidence suggests cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ). We used the prism adaptation motor task (PAT) to probe specific cerebellar circuits in the disorder. PAT requires cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation, perceptual remapping, and strategic control. A failure to engage in early corrective processes may indicate impairment within either the cerebellum or regions contributing to strategic components, such as the parietal lobe, while an inability to develop and retain a visuomotor shift with time strongly suggests cerebellar impairment. Thirty-one individuals with SZ and...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 17, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Cognitive Enhancing Effect of High-Frequency Neuronavigated rTMS in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients With Predominant Negative Symptoms: A Double-Blind Controlled 32-Week Follow-up Study
AbstractAccumulating studies have shown that high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve cognitive dysfunction of the patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), but with inconsistent results. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different frequencies of neuronavigated rTMS in ameliorating cognitive impairments and alleviating the psychotic symptoms. A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 20 Hz rTMS (n = 40), 10 Hz rTMS (n = 40), or sham stimulation (n = 40) for 8 weeks, and then followed up at week 32. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychol...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 17, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Social Cognition Training for People With a Psychotic Disorder: A Network Meta-analysis
AbstractDeficits in social cognition are common in people with psychotic disorders and negatively impact functioning. Social Cognition Training (SCT) has been found to improve social cognition and functioning, but it is unknown which interventions are most effective, how characteristics of treatments and participants moderate efficacy, and whether improvements are durable. This meta-analysis included 46 randomized studies. SCTs were categorized according to their focus (targeted/broad-based) and inclusion of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). Network meta-analysis was conducted, using both direct (original) and indirect ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disturbance in Remitted Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionsIn both disorders, longer overall sleep duration, but also disturbed initiation, continuity, and reduced motor activity were found. Common, modifiable factors may be associated with these sleep-circadian phenotypes and advocate for further development of transdiagnostic interventions that target them. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Facilitating Recovery of Daily Functioning in People With a Severe Mental Illness Who Need Longer-Term Intensive Psychiatric Services: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Adaptation Training Delivered by Nurses
ConclusionsAs a nursing intervention, CAT leads to maintained improvements in daily functioning, and may improve executive functioning and visual attention in people with SMI in need of longer-term intensive psychiatric care. Given the paucity of evidence-based interventions in this population, CAT can become a valuable addition to recovery-oriented care. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 7, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Compression of Cerebellar Functional Gradients in Schizophrenia
AbstractOur understanding of cerebellar involvement in brain disorders has evolved from motor processing to high-level cognitive and affective processing. Recent neuroscience progress has highlighted hierarchy as a fundamental principle for the brain organization. Despite substantial research on cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia, there is a need to establish a neurobiological framework to better understand the co-occurrence and interaction of low- and high-level functional abnormalities of cerebellum in schizophrenia. To help to establish such a framework, we investigated the abnormalities in the distribution of sens...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 7, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Developmental Trajectories of Cortical Thickness in Relation to Schizotypy During Adolescence
AbstractInvestigating potential gray matter differences in adolescents presenting higher levels of schizotypy personality traits could bring further insights into the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research has yet to examine the morphological correlates of schizotypy features during adolescence prospectively, and no information is available on the developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We employed mixed model regression analysis to investigate developmental trajectories of cortical thickness (CT) in relation to schizotypy dimensions in a cohort of 109 adolescents from the general popul...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 5, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Genome-wide Association Study of Creativity Reveals Genetic Overlap With Psychiatric Disorders, Risk Tolerance, and Risky Behaviors
AbstractCreativity represents one of the most important and partially heritable human characteristics, yet little is known about its genetic basis. Epidemiological studies reveal associations between creativity and psychiatric disorders as well as multiple personality and behavioral traits. To test whether creativity and these disorders or traits share genetic basis, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. Two cohorts of Han Chinese subjects (4,834 individuals in total) aged 18 –45 were recruited for creativity measurement using typical performance test. After ...
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - March 5, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
New-Onset Psychosis Associated With a Lesion Localized in the Rostral Tectum: Insights Into Pathway-Specific Connectivity Disrupted in Psychosis
ConclusionsThe superior colliculus/periaqueductal gray might play important roles in the initiation and perpetuation of psychosis, at least partially through dysregulation of left amygdala activity. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - February 26, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Mathematically Modeling Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Stochastic Dynamical Systems Approach
ConclusionsThese computational findings clarify how abnormalities in the temporal dynamics of emotion contribute to anhedonia. (Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin)
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - February 26, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
