Chrysotile Causes Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Response to the Fas-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway
Conclusion: Chrysotile causes the apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells via the Fas death receptor pathway. The Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway plays an important role in chrysotile-induced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells in vitro.Pathobiology (Source: Pathobiology)
Source: Pathobiology - September 12, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Role of Next-Generation Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for the Evaluation of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumors
Bone and soft-tissue tumors are in general rare. Diagnosing these tumors is challenging based on the significant number of different tumor entities, the rareness of these tumors, and the considerable morphological heterogeneity which can be found within a single tumor entity. Considering that more than half of the described soft-tissue tumors and approximately 25% of the bone tumors harbor recurrent genetic alterations, the use of auxiliary molecular examinations should be strongly considered. Molecular analyses are important to confirm the diagnosis, to guide treatment, to provide information about prognosis, and to allow...
Source: Pathobiology - August 17, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Cytoplasmic Lipid Accumulation Characteristic of the Cribriform Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Conclusion: This is the first study to report the presence of carcinoma cells with CLIA in CV-PTC. The subnuclear dot-like expression of adipophilin may be characteristic of CV-PTC. These findings might be related to degenerative changes occurring in CV-PTC.Pathobiology (Source: Pathobiology)
Source: Pathobiology - August 15, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Recent studies demonstrated that its pathogenesis is related with enhanced oxidative stress (protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation) and alterations in the circulating lipid profile. Alterations of lipid metabolism (including the reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations) induce plasma membrane, bronchial and lung capillary endothelial cell damage in sarcoidosis patients. Dyslipidemia is associated with increased oxidative stress, diminished overall antioxidative protection and increased risk for a...
Source: Pathobiology - August 9, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, mainly due to frequent diagnosis at an advanced stage and its strong chemoresistance. Tumor heterogeneity is evident at the histological level, both between tumors and even within a tumor. Recent high-throughput analyses have confirmed that intertumor heterogeneity is greater than intratumor heterogeneity that is mostly driven by successive catastrophic genetic events in the early stage and by epigenetic modifications in the metastatic stage. While this heterogeneity may complicate the search for a universal cure, these analyses have distinguished se...
Source: Pathobiology - August 4, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
A Practical Approach to Tumor Heterogeneity in Clinical Research and Diagnostics
ThisPathobiology issue tries to better define the complex phenomenon of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), mostly from a practical point of view. This topic has been chosen because ITH is a central issue in tumor development and has to be investigated directly in patient tissue and immediately applied in the treatment of the presenting patient. Different types of ITH should be considered: clonal genetic and epigenetic evolution, morphological heterogeneity, and tumor sampling, heterogeneity resulting from microenvironmental autocrine and paracrine interaction, and stochastic plasticity related to different functional cell eff...
Source: Pathobiology - July 27, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tumor Heterogeneity in Lymphomas: A Different Breed
The facts that cancer represents tissues consisting of heterogeneous neoplastic, as well as reactive, cell populations and that cancers of the same histotype may show profound differences in clinical behavior have long been recognized. With the advent of new technologies and the demands of precision medicine, the investigation of tumor heterogeneity has gained much interest. An understanding of intertumoral heterogeneity in patients with the same disease entity is necessary to optimally guide personalized treatment. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that different tumor areas or primary tumors and metastases in an...
Source: Pathobiology - July 18, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Distinct Dynamics of Mitotic Transition in B-Cell Lymphoma and Reactive B-Cell Lymphoproliferations Determined by H3S10 Phosphohistone Immunolabeling
Objectives: Clonal selection in the follicular germinal centers in lymphatic tissues is accompanied by an intense proliferation of polyclonal B cells in a precisely regulated fashion. In contrast, B-cell neoplasias proliferate autonomously due to endogenous stimuli. The cell kinetic activity is obvious at many levels including progressive chromatin modification and elevated mitotic rates. We asked if there are differences in the kinetics of histone H3S10 phosphorylation required for mitotic entry between highly proliferating B cells of reactive germinal centers and in B-cell lymphomas with different proliferative capacity....
Source: Pathobiology - July 17, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Heterogeneity in Gastric Cancer: From Pure Morphology to Molecular Classifications
Gastric cancer (GC) represents a global health concern. Despite advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, GC is still the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with more than 720,000 estimated deaths in 2012. Overall survival for advanced disease is about 1 year, a dismal prognosis that is partly due to the high levels of biological heterogeneity found in GC. Indeed, GC is a highly heterogeneous disease from morphological and molecular standpoints. The numerous histological and molecular classifications currently available reflect such heterogeneity. Although recent high-throughput studies cluster the mo...
Source: Pathobiology - June 15, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Temporal Genomic Heterogeneity in Breast and Colon Cancers
Cancer is a spatial and temporal dynamic disease where differently evolving genetic clones are responsible for progression. In this landscape, the genomic heterogeneity of the primary tumours can be captured by deep-sequencing representative spatial samples. However, the recognition of genetic alterations responsible for tumour evolution remains a challenging task. Recently, the “liquid biopsy” was recognized as a powerful real-time approach for the molecular monitoring of this dynamic disease. The term “liquid biopsy” generally refers to the use of circulating (cell-free) tumour DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumour ...
Source: Pathobiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tumor Heterogeneity in Endometrial Carcinoma: Practical Consequences
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) shows intertumor heterogeneity, with several different histologic types differing in their morphologic and molecular features. There is also intratumoral morphologic heterogeneity, with different neoplastic cell components within the same tumor, with different morphologic and molecular features. In this article, we discuss the consequences of tumor heterogeneity in EC at the morphologic and molecular levels, by describing some illustrative examples produced by the research team. They are (1) morphologic heterogeneity in conventional EC and mixed tumors, (2) EC with microsatellite instability, (3)...
Source: Pathobiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in Congenital Pouch Colon: A Prospective Study
Conclusions: Histopathological and IHC findings suggest that CPC has distinct defects in the neuromusculature.Pathobiology (Source: Pathobiology)
Source: Pathobiology - June 12, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tumor Heterogeneity: Will It Change What Pathologists Do
Although the notion that tumors are heterogeneous is well rooted in diagnostic pathology, the extent of this heterogeneity at the molecular level and its impact on (targeted) treatment choice will certainly influence the practice of pathology. Even though the consequences of tumor heterogeneity for cancer care are as yet incompletely understood, pathologists can contribute to solving major scientific and clinical problems related to tumor heterogeneity by rethinking guidelines for tumor sampling, to have a more comprehensive covering of intratumor heterogeneity in the available tumor tissue samples. They should develop gui...
Source: Pathobiology - May 9, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Fatty Acids Induce Stemness in the Stromal Cells of a CT26 Mouse Tumor Model
The potential effects of 2 types of fatty acids on colorectal cancer (CRC) were assessed using cancer stromal cells. Linoleic acid (LA; C-18, n-6 unsaturated fatty acid) and elaidic acid (EA; C-18,trans acid), both known to affect colon carcinogenesis and cancer progression, were administered by gavage to BALB/c mice, which were inoculated with CT26 syngeneic colon cancer cells in the back. Both EA and LA treatments enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. EA and LA also increased the number of CD133-positive stromal cells in the tumor capsule. Importantly, those cancer cells at the tumor periphery, physically attached to CD1...
Source: Pathobiology - May 9, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Is Human Oxoguanine Glycosylase 1 Genetic Variant Successful Even on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This study is aimed at investigating the human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-Ser326Cys and APE-Asp148Glu polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in OSCC.Materials and Methods: We investigated the hOGG1-Ser326Cys and APE-Asp148Glu polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in the oral cavity. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on 132 patients who were diagnosed as having OSCC and 160 healthy subjects.Results: Individuals with the genotype hOGG1-Ser326Cys, Cys allele carriers, were found significantly more frequently in the patient group compared to the contro...
Source: Pathobiology - April 28, 2017 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
