Correlation Analysis of Molecularly-Defined Cortical Interneuron Populations with Morpho-Electric Properties in Layer V of Mouse Neocortex
AbstractCortical interneurons can be categorized into distinct populations based on multiple modalities, including molecular signatures and morpho-electrical (M/E) properties. Recently, many transcriptomic signatures based on single-cell RNA-seq have been identified in cortical interneurons. However, whether different interneuron populations defined by transcriptomic signature expressions correspond to distinct M/E subtypes is still unknown. Here, we applied the Patch-PCR approach to simultaneously obtain the M/E properties and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of>600 interneurons in layer V of the mouse somatosensory cor...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiology, Mechanism, and Treatment
AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an adverse impact on the physical and mental health of the public worldwide. In addition to illness in patients with COVID-19, isolated people and the general population have experienced mental health problems due to social distancing policies, mandatory lockdown, and other psychosocial factors, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety significantly increased during the pandemic. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the epidemiology, contributing factors, and pathogenesis of depression and anxiety. during the pandemic. These findings indicate that p...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Roles of NG2 Glia in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most prevalent pathologic processes affecting 5% of people over 50 years of age and contributing to 45% of dementia cases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the pathological roles of chronic hypoperfusion, impaired cerebral vascular reactivity, and leakage of the blood –brain barrier in CSVD. However, the pathogenesis of CSVD remains elusive thus far, and no radical treatment has been developed. NG2 glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, are the fourth type of glial cell in addition to astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the mammalian ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 18, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Direction Selectivity of TmY Neurites in Drosophila
AbstractThe perception of motion is an important function of vision. Neural wiring diagrams for extracting directional information have been obtained by connectome reconstruction. Direction selectivity inDrosophila is thought to originate in T4/T5 neurons through integrating inputs with different temporal filtering properties. Through genetic screening based on synaptic distribution, we isolated a new type of TmY neuron, termed TmY-ds, that form reciprocal synaptic connections with T4/T5 neurons. Its neurites responded to grating motion along the four cardinal directions and showed a variety of direction selectivity. Intri...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 18, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Astrocytes in Chronic Pain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
AbstractChronic pain is challenging to treat due to the limited therapeutic options and adverse side-effects of therapies. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and play important roles in different pathological conditions, including chronic pain. Astrocytes regulate nociceptive synaptic transmission and network functionvia neuron –glia and glia–glia interactions to exaggerate pain signals under chronic pain conditions. It is also becoming clear that astrocytes play active roles in brain regions important for the emotional and memory-related aspects of chronic pain. Therefore, this ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Updated Understanding of the Glial-Vascular Unit in Central Nervous System Disorders
AbstractThe concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to diverse neurological insults from a “glio-centric” view. GVU is a multicellular structure composed of glial cells, perivascular cells, and perivascular space. Each component is closely linked, collectively forming the GVU. The central roles of glial and perivascular cells and their multi-level interconnections in the GVU under nor mal conditions and in central nervous system (CNS) disorders have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we c...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Extension of the Lifespan of a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome by Intracerebroventricular Delivery of MECP2
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interactions Between Astrocytes and Oligodendroglia in Myelin Development and Related Brain Diseases
AbstractAstrocytes (ASTs) and oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLGs) are major macroglial cells in the central nervous system. ASTs communicate with each other through connexin (Cx) and Cx-based network structures, both of which allow for quick transport of nutrients and signals. Moreover, ASTs interact with OLGs through connexin (Cx)-mediated networks to modulate various physiological processes in the brain. In this article, following a brief description of the infrastructural basis of the glial networks and exocrine factors by which ASTs and OLGs may crosstalk, we focus on recapitulating how the interactions between these...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 12, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Emotion-Regulation Benefits of Implicit Reappraisal in Clinical Depression: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence
In this study, we recruited 159 subjects who were healthy controls, had subclinical depression, or had MDD, and examined them under baseline, implicit, and explicit reappraisal conditions. Explicit reappraisal led to the most negative feelings and the largest parietal late positive potential (parietal LPP, an index of emotion intensity) in the MDD group compared to the other two groups; the group difference was absent under the other two conditions. MDD patients showed larger regulatory effects in the LPP during implicit than explicit reappraisal, whereas healthy controls showed a reversed pattern. Furthermore, the frontal...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Coordinated Regulation of Myelination by Growth Factor and Amino-acid Signaling Pathways
AbstractMyelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential for structural and functional homeostasis of nervous tissue. Albeit with certain similarities, the regulation of CNS and PNS myelination is executed differently. Recent advances highlight the coordinated regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination by amino-acid sensing and growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss novel insights into the understanding of differential regulation of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell biology in CNS and PNS myelination, with particul...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 9, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Local Circuits in the Cerebellum Interact with Biochemical Events
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 9, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Virtual Reality Platform for Context-Dependent Cognitive Research in Rodents
AbstractAnimal survival necessitates adaptive behaviors in volatile environmental contexts. Virtual reality (VR) technology is instrumental to study the neural mechanisms underlying behaviors modulated by environmental context by simulating the real world with maximized control of contextual elements. Yet current VR tools for rodents have limited flexibility and performance (e.g., frame rate) for context-dependent cognitive research. Here, we describe a high-performance VR platform with which to study contextual behaviors immersed in editable virtual contexts. This platform was assembled from modular hardware and custom-wr...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A New Potential Strategy for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: Targeting TRPM2 –NMDAR Association
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Innervation Induces Depression-Like Behaviors Through Ventral Subiculum Hyperactivation
AbstractMalfunction of the ventral subiculum (vSub), the main subregion controlling the output connections from the hippocampus, is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the vSub receives cholinergic innervation from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), whether and how the MSDB-to-vSub cholinergic circuit is involved in MDD is elusive. Here, we found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression-like behaviors with hyperactivation of vSub neurons, measured by c-fos staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recording. By retrograde and anterograde tracing, we confirmed the de...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
An Empathic Pain-Regulated Neural Circuit
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
