Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids
AbstractUnderstanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the “brain organoid” integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 24, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Lypd1-DTR/+: A New Mouse Model for Specifically Damaging the Type Ic Spiral Ganglion Neurons of the Cochlea
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 24, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Activity-Dependent Phosphorylation of CDKL5 at Serine 407 Regulates Synaptogenesis and Plasticity
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 18, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Photobiomodulation: A Potential Non-invasive Method to Alleviate Neurological Events Following COVID-19 Infection
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Hyperactivity of the Lateral Septum Leads to Hypersensitivity in Susceptible Mice
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 15, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Antinociceptive Effect of Sympathetic Block is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor β in a Mouse Model of Radiculopathy
AbstractAlthough sympathetic blockade is clinically used to treat pain, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We developed a localized microsympathectomy (mSYMPX), by cutting the grey rami entering the spinal nerves near the rodent lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In a chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy model, mSYMPX attenuated pain behaviorsvia DRG macrophages and the anti-inflammatory actions of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) and its receptor TGF-βR1. Here, we examined the role of TGF-β in sympathetic-mediated radiculopathy produced by local inflammation of the DRG (LID). Mice showed mechanical hy...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 10, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dissecting Psychiatric Heterogeneity and Comorbidity with Core Region-Based Machine Learning
AbstractMachine learning approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data from patients with psychiatric disorders to extract brain-based features for diagnosis and prognosis. The goal of this review is to discuss recent practices for evaluating machine learning applications to obsessive-compulsive and related disorders and to advance a novel strategy of building machine learning models based on a set of core brain regions for better performance, interpretability, and generalizability. Specifically, we argue that a core set of co-altered brain regions (namely ‘core regions’) comprising areas central to th...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 24, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Peripheral ApoE4 Leads to Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and A β Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 24, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
nNOS and Neurological, Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A 20-Year Story
AbstractIn the central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO), a free gas with multitudinous bioactivities, is mainly produced from the oxidation of L-arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the past 20 years, the studies in our group and other laboratories have suggested a significant involvement of nNOS in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, the interactions between the PDZ domain of nNOS and its adaptor proteins, including post-synaptic density 95, the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS, and the serotonin transporter, significantly influence the subcellular localization and...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Blockade of the Dopamine D3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System
AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our r...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 11, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Resveratrol and Sir2 Reverse Sleep and Memory Defects Induced by Amyloid Precursor Protein
In this study, we tested the effects of RES and Sirt1/Sir2 on sleep and courtship memory in aDrosophila model by overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose duplications and mutations cause familial AD. We found a mild but significant transcriptional increase ofDrosophila Sir2 (dSir2) by RES supplementation for up to 17 days inAPP flies, but not for 7 days. RES and dSir2 almost completely reversed the sleep and memory deficits inAPP flies. We further demonstrated that dSir2 acts as a sleep promotor inDrosophila neurons. Interestingly, RES increased sleep in the absence of dSir2 indSir2-null mutants, and RES fu...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 11, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Investigation of Complement and Coagulation-Related Protein in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Technology
In this study, using multiple reactions monitoring proteomic technology, 16 of the 33 proteins involved in this pathway were identified as differentially-expressed proteins in plasma between children with ASD and controls. Among them, CFHR3, C4BPB, C4BPA, CFH, C9, SERPIND1, C8A, F9, and F11 were found to be altered in the plasma of children with ASD for the first time. SERPIND1 expression was positively correlated with the CARS score. Using the machine learning method, we obtained a panel composed of 12 differentially-expressed proteins with diagnostic potential for ASD. We also reviewed the proteins changed in this pathwa...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Role of the Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1 in Nervous Systems
We describe the recently discovered functions of Hv1 in various neurological diseases, including brain or spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke, demyelinating diseases, and pain. We also summarize the current advances in the discovery and application of Hv1-targeted small molecules in neurological diseases. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of our understanding of Hv1 and suggest future research directions. (Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 8, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Diverse Roles of Serotonergic Projections to the Basolateral Amygdala
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Dynamics of Dopamine D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons and the Downstream Circuit Underlying L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Rats
In this study, we investigated the role of striatal D2R+ neurons and downstream globus pallidus externa (GPe) neurons in a rat model of LID. Intrastriatal administration of raclopride, a D2R antagonist, significantly inhibited dyskinetic behavior, while intrastriatal administration of pramipexole, a D2-like receptor agonist, yielded aggravation of dyskinesia in LID rats. Fiber photometry revealed the overinhibition of striatal D2R+ neurons and hyperactivity of downstream GPe neurons during the dyskinetic phase of LID rats. In contrast, the striatal D2R+ neurons showed intermittent synchronized overactivity in the decay pha...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
