Alterations of Audiovisual Integration in Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractAudiovisual integration is a vital information process involved in cognition and is closely correlated with aging and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). In this review, we evaluated the altered audiovisual integrative behavioral symptoms in AD. We further analyzed the relationships between AD pathologies and audiovisual integration alterations bidirectionally and suggested the possible mechanisms of audiovisual integration alterat ions underlying AD, including the imbalance between energy demand and supply, activity-dependent degeneration, disrupted brain networks, and cognitive resource overloading. Then, based on the c...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Memory Trace for Fear Extinction: Fragile yet Reinforceable
AbstractFear extinction is a biological process in which learned fear behavior diminishes without anticipated reinforcement, allowing the organism to re-adapt to ever-changing situations. Based on the behavioral hypothesis that extinction is new learning and forms an extinction memory, this new memory is more readily forgettable than the original fear memory. The brain ’s cellular and synaptic traces underpinning this inherently fragile yet reinforceable extinction memory remain unclear. Intriguing questions are about the whereabouts of the engram neurons that emerged during extinction learning and how they constitute a ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Peripheral Mechanism of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
AbstractCancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a type of ongoing or breakthrough pain caused by a primary bone tumor or bone metastasis. CIBP constitutes a specific pain state with distinct characteristics; however, it shares similarities with inflammatory and neuropathic pain. At present, although various therapies have been developed for this condition, complete relief from CIBP in patients with cancer is yet to be achieved. Hence, it is urgent to study the mechanism underlying CIBP to develop efficient analgesic drugs. Herein, we focused on the peripheral mechanism associated with the initiation of CIBP, which involves tiss...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear
AbstractHearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in th...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 3, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mechanism of Endogenous Peptide PDYBX1 and Precursor Protein YBX1 in Hirschsprung ’s Disease
AbstractEndogenous peptides, bioactive agents with a small molecular weight and outstanding absorbability, regulate various cellular processes and diseases. However, their role in the occurrence of Hirschsprung ’s disease (HSCR) remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of an endogenous peptide derived from YBX1 (termed PDYBX1 in this study) was upregulated in the aganglionic colonic tissue of HSCR patients, whereas its precursor protein YBX1 was downregulated. As shown by Transwell and cytoske leton staining assays, silencing YBX1 inhibited the migration of enteric neural cells, and this effect was partially r...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Shed a New Light on Spinal Cord Injury-induced Permanent Paralysis with the Brain-spine Interface
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 28, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Single-Cell Mapping of Brain Myeloid Cell Subsets Reveals Key Transcriptomic Changes Favoring Neuroplasticity after Ischemic Stroke
AbstractInteractions between brain-resident and peripheral infiltrated immune cells are thought to contribute to neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia. However, conventional bulk sequencing makes it challenging to depict this complex immune network. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we mapped compositional and transcriptional features of peri-infarct immune cells. Microglia were the predominant cell type in the peri-infarct region, displaying a more diverse activation pattern than the typical pro- and anti-inflammatory state, with axon tract-associated microglia (ATMs) being associated with neuronal regeneration. Traject...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Ion Channel Dysregulation Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractInjury to the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from numerous complex cellular mechanisms. At present, effective therapy for ICH is limited and a better understanding of the mechanisms of brain injury is necessary to improve prognosis. There is increasing evidence that ion channel dysregulation occurs at multiple stages in primary and secondary brain injury following ICH. Ion channels such as TWIK-related K+ channel 1, sulfonylurea 1 transient receptor potential melastatin 4 and glutamate-gated channels affect ion homeostasis in ICH. They in turn participate in the formation of brain edema, disrupt...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Decoding the Cellular Trafficking of Prion-like Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractThe accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson's disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In a process known as ‘seeding’, prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta, microtubule-associated protein tau, α-synuclein, silence superoxide dismutase 1, or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa, propagate their mi sfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils. Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs, the clinical relevance of their ‘seeding’ c...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson ’s Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the developm ent of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evolution of the Nervous System Extrapolated from Ctenophore and the Resurrection of Golgi ’s Reticular Theory?
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Targeting the Central Histamine H2 Receptor: New Hope for Schizophrenia?
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 21, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Early Growth Response Gene-1 Deficiency Interrupts TGF β1 Signaling Activation and Aggravates Neurodegeneration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice
This study demonstrated that Egr-1 was down-regulated at mRNA and protein levels in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Egr-1 knockout exacerbated EAE progression in mice, as shown by increased disease severity and incidence; it also aggravated neuronal apoptosis, which was associated with weakened activation of the BDNF/TGF β 1/MAPK/Akt signaling pathways in the CNS of EAE mice. Consistently, Egr-1 siRNA promoted apoptosis but mitigated the activation of BDNF/TGFβ 1/MAPK/Akt signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed that Egr-1 is a crucial regulator of neurona...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Reshaping the Cortical Connectivity Gradient by Long-Term Cognitive Training During Development
AbstractThe organization of the brain follows a topological hierarchy that changes dynamically during development. However, it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during development can modify this hierarchical topology. By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training for five years (starting from 7 years to 12 years old) in pre-training and post-training, we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology. We observed the development-ind...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms
AbstractNeurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced “brain fog”, delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes. In this review, we summarize current advances in the clinical findings of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients and compare them with ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
