Abnormal Prefrontal Neural Oscillations are Associated with Social Deficits in MECP2 Duplication Syndrome
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - November 1, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain Systems Underlying Fundamental Motivations of Human Social Conformity
AbstractFrom birth to adulthood, we often align our behaviors, attitudes, and opinions with a majority, a phenomenon known as social conformity. A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives: a desire to gain more information to be accurate, to obtain social approval from others, and to maintain a favorable self-concept. Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity, the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established. Here, we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 26, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Preoperative Acute Sleep Deprivation Causes Postoperative Pain Hypersensitivity and Abnormal Cerebral Function
This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia. This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients. (Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 25, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Rostral Zona Incerta Modulate Innate Fear-Induced Defensive Response in Mice
AbstractDefensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival. The zona incerta (ZI) has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory, as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior. However, whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown. Here, we found that somatostatin (SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus. Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostr...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 19, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Association of Glial Activation and α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease
AbstractThe accumulation of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) in the central nervous system and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are the neuropathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the findings of prion-like transmission of α-syn pathology have expanded our understan ding of the region-specific distribution of α-syn in PD patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that α-syn aggregates are released from neurons and endocytosed by glial cells, which contributes to the clearance of α-syn. However, the activation of glial cells by α-syn species produc...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities
AbstractGlioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have rev...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 13, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Spacetime Odyssey of Neural Progenitors to Generate Neuronal Diversity
AbstractTo understand how the nervous system develops from a small pool of progenitors during early embryonic development, it is fundamentally important to identify the diversity of neuronal subtypes, decode the origin of neuronal diversity, and uncover the principles governing neuronal specification across different regions. Recent single-cell analyses have systematically identified neuronal diversity at unprecedented scale and speed, leaving the deconstruction of spatiotemporal mechanisms for generating neuronal diversity an imperative and paramount challenge. In this review, we highlight three distinct strategies deploy...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Influence of Recent Trial History on Interval Timing
AbstractInterval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making. While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context, it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history. Here we found that, in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task, a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier. Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM), but not the medial prefrontal cortex, for a short time before ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Visualizing Seizure Propagation in Freely-moving Mice via Miniature Two-photon Microscopy
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 26, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Regulation of Glial Function by Noncoding RNA in Central Nervous System Disease
AbstractNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that play critical roles in different diseases. NcRNAs include microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. They are highly expressed in the brain and are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Mounting evidence indicates that ncRNAs play key roles in CNS diseases. Further elucidating the mechanisms of ncRNA underlying the process of regulating glial function that may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases. (Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 26, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Disrupted Maturation of Prefrontal Layer 5 Neuronal Circuits in an Alzheimer ’s Mouse Model of Amyloid Deposition
AbstractMutations in genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins (PSs) cause familial forms of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder strongly associated with aging. It is currently unknown whether and how AD risks affect early brain development, and to what extent subtle synaptic pathology may occur prior to overt hallmark AD pathology. Transgenic mutant APP/PS1 over-expression mous e lines are key tools for studying the molecular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. Among these lines, the 5XFAD mice rapidly develop key features of AD pathology and have proven utility in studying amyloid pl...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Viral Tools for Neural Circuit Tracing
AbstractNeural circuits provide an anatomical basis for functional networks. Therefore, dissecting the structure of neural circuits is essential to understanding how the brain works. Recombinant neurotropic viruses are important tools for neural circuit tracing with many advantages over non-viral tracers: they allow for anterograde, retrograde, and trans-synaptic delivery of tracers in a cell type-specific, circuit-selective manner. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the viral tools for neural circuit tracing, discuss the key principles of using viral tools in neuroscience research, and highlight innov...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 22, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Charting Normative Brain Variability Across the Human Lifespan
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuronal Response to Reward and Luminance in Macaque LIP During Saccadic Choice
In this study, we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently. We discovered that the animal ’s choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect. In the LIP, neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal’s choice pattern, in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron’s preferred hemifield with a positive slope. In contrast, compared to their responses to low luminance, an approximately equal proportion of luminance-s...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Retraction Note to: Gray Matter-Based Age Prediction Characterizes Different Regional Patterns
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 13, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
