Induction of Anxiety-Like Phenotypes by Knockdown of Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors in the Amygdala of Marmosets
AbstractThe amygdala is an important hub for regulating emotions and is involved in the pathophysiology of many mental diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating emotions and mainly functions through the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), which is strongly expressed in the amygdala of non-human primates (NHPs). However, it remains largely unknown how the CB1Rs in the amygdala of NHPs regulate mental diseases. Here, we investigated the role of CB1R by knocking down the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene encoding CB1R in the amygdala of adult marmosets ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Crosstalk Between Peripheral Innervation and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive growth, and therapy resistance, leading to a poor overall prognosis. Emerging evidence shows that the peripheral nerve is an important non-tumor component in the tumor microenvironment that regulates tumor growth and immune escape. The crosstalk between the neuronal system and PDAC has become a hot research topic that may provide novel mechanisms underlying tumor progression and further uncover promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of perineural invasion ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 22, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Peripheral BDNF Regulates Somatosensory –Sympathetic Coupling in Brachial Plexus Avulsion-Induced Neuropathic Pain
This study also opens a novel analgesic target (BDNF) in the treatment of this p ain with fewer complications, which has great potential for clinical transformation. (Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuronal Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 Regulates Neuronal Morphogenesis, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognitive Behavior in Mice
AbstractThe histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2)-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) regulates neural stem cell proliferation and fate specificity through silencing different gene sets in the central nervous system. Here, we explored the function of EZH2 in early post-mitotic neurons by generating a neuron-specificEzh2 conditional knockout mouse line. The results showed that a lack of neuronal EZH2 led to delayed neuronal migration, more complex dendritic arborization, and increased dendritic spine density. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neu...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Improving Blood Monocyte Energy Metabolism Enhances Its Ability to Phagocytose Amyloid- β and Prevents Alzheimer’s Disease-Type Pathology and Cognitive Deficits
This study reveals a new mechanism of impaired Aβ phagocytosis in monocytes and provides evidence that restoring their energy metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. (Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 15, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Claustrum Controls Motor Activity Through Anterior Cingulate Cortex Input and Local Circuit Synchronization in a Preparatory Manner
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 13, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Non-canonical Excitatory PV RGC –PV SC Visual Pathway for Mediating the Looming-evoked Innate Defensive Response
AbstractParvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells (PV+ RGCs) are an essential subset of RGCs found in various species. However, their role in transmitting visual information remains unclear. Here, we characterized PV+ RGCs in the retina and explored the functions of the PV+ RGC-mediated visual pathway. By applying multiple viral tracing strategies, we investigated the downstream of PV+ RGCs across the whole brain. Interestingly, we found that the PV+ RGCs provided direct monosynaptic input to PV+ excitatory neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC). Ablation or suppression of SC-projecting PV+ RGC...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 11, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Consolidates Social Memory
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 10, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Compound from Magnolia officinalis Ameliorates White Matter Injury by Promoting Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Chronic Cerebral Ischemia Models
In this study, we found that honokiol and magnolol, two compounds derived fromMagnolia officinalis, significantly facilitated the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes, with a more prominent effect of the former compound. Moreover, our results demonstrated that honokiol treatment improved myelin injury, induced mature oligodendrocyte protein expression, attenuated cognitive decline, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and inhibited astrocytic activation in the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model. Mechanistically, honokiol increased the phosphorylation of serin...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
From Lung to Brain: Respiration Modulates Neural and Mental Activity
AbstractRespiration protocols have been developed to manipulate mental states, including their use for therapeutic purposes. In this systematic review, we discuss evidence that respiration may play a fundamental role in coordinating neural activity, behavior, and emotion. The main findings are: (1) respiration affects the neural activity of a wide variety of regions in the brain; (2) respiration modulates different frequency ranges in the brain ’s dynamics; (3) different respiration protocols (spontaneous, hyperventilation, slow or resonance respiration) yield different neural and mental effects; and (4) the effects of r...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Chemogenetic Therapeutics: A Powerful Tool to Control Cortical Seizures in Non-human Primates
(Source: Neuroscience Bulletin)
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 2, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Genetic Approaches for Neural Circuits Dissection in Non-human Primates
AbstractGenetic tools, which can be used for the morphology study of specific neurons, pathway-selective connectome mapping, neuronal activity monitoring, and manipulation with a spatiotemporal resolution, have been widely applied to the understanding of complex neural circuit formation, interactions, and functions in rodents. Recently, similar genetic approaches have been tried in non-human primates (NHPs) in neuroscience studies for dissecting the neural circuits involved in sophisticated behaviors and clinical brain disorders, although they are still very preliminary. In this review, we introduce the progress made in th...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - June 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Secondary Motor Cortex-striatum Circuit Contributes to Suppressing Inappropriate Responses in Perceptual Decision Behavior
AbstractThe secondary motor cortex (M2) encodes choice-related information and plays an important role in cue-guided actions. M2 neurons innervate the dorsal striatum (DS), which also contributes to decision-making behavior, yet how M2 modulates signals in the DS to influence perceptual decision-making is unclear. Using mice performing a visual Go/No-Go task, we showed that inactivating M2 projections to the DS impaired performance by increasing the false alarm (FA) rate to the reward-irrelevant No-Go stimulus. The choice signal of M2 neurons correlated with behavioral performance, and the inactivation of M2 neurons projec...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 31, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Targeting NAD Metabolism for the Therapy of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractAs the aging population continues to grow rapidly, age-related diseases are becoming an increasing burden on the healthcare system and a major concern for the well-being of elderly individuals. While aging is an inevitable process for all humans, it can be slowed down and age-related diseases can be treated or alleviated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical coenzyme or cofactor that plays a central role in metabolism and is involved in various cellular processes including the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, post-translational protein modifications, DNA repair, and immune responses. As indivi...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 31, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Fgf8P2A-3 ×GFP/+: A New Genetic Mouse Model for Specifically Labeling and Sorting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells
AbstractThe cochlear auditory epithelium contains two types of sound receptors, inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). Mouse models for labelling juvenile and adult IHCs or OHCs exist; however, labelling for embryonic and perinatal IHCs or OHCs are lacking. Here, we generated a new knock-inFgf8P2A-3 ×GFP/+ (Fgf8GFP/+) strain, in which the expression of a series of three GFP fragments is controlled by endogenousFgf8 cis-regulatory elements. After confirming that GFP expression accurately reflects the expression ofFgf8, we successfully obtained both embryonic and neonatal IHCs with high purity, highlighting th...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - May 26, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
