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Subretinal abscess: causative pathogens, clinical features and management
ConclusionAt present no guideline exists for the treatment of subretinal abscess. Systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is of primary importance and should be used in all cases unless contraindicated. Combination of systemic and local treatment is the most frequently adopted strategy. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 21, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Post-traumatic endophthalmitis prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsFuture antibiotic strategies should strongly consider the risks of antibiotic treatment  >  24 h and administration methods other than the oral antibiotic forms. In addition, providers should be wary of using ciprofloxacin monotherapy for endophthalmitis prophylaxis when treating open globe injuries. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 18, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Frosted branch angiitis presenting after a SARS-CoV-2 infection
Conclusion and importanceThis case represents a unique ocular manifestation of COVID-19, as recent SARS-CoV-2 was the sole identifiable cause of the patient ’s frosted branch angiitis. Additionally, this patient required plasmapheresis to control disease progression. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Tubercular serpiginous choroiditis
AbstractTubercular association with serpiginous choroiditis, also called ‘serpiginous-like choroiditis’ or ‘multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis’ (MSC) is reported from world over, especially from endemic countries. Though the exact mechanism is not yet clear, a direct or indirect infectious trigger byMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is believed to cause choroiditis.The link of immune mechanisms with ocular inflammation caused by MTB is emerging, and has been supported by both experimental and human data. The molecular and histopathological findings of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis have been demonstrated in...
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Patient Clinical Outcomes in Standalone Versus a Combined Ophthalmology-rheumatology Uveitis Clinic
ConclusionA combined model of management for chronic uveitis patients wherein rheumatological services are coupled with ophthalmic care leads to improvement in patient clinical outcomes and achieving target therapy. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 7, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Uveitic glaucoma in children: a systematic review on surgical outcomes
ConclusionsThe described surgical interventions are able to prevent blindness by lowering a medically uncontrolled IOP to an acceptable level. Therefore, there is a crucial role for surgical intervention in these children. Based on the present studies, no preferences can be made. Given the reported complications, more research with larger sample sizes and direct comparisons is needed to determine the most successful glaucoma treatment in children with uveitis. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - November 7, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Central retinal vein occlusion post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination – can it be explained by the two-hit hypothesis?
ConclusionCOVID-19 is known to be associated with an altered host one-carbon metabolism resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia. We hypothesize that a prior subclinical infection with COVID-19, the first hit, may have led to hyperhomocysteinemia in our patient and vaccination must have been the second hit that triggered the thrombotic event. Further studies, including correlation of thrombotic complications with IgG antibody titres post-vaccination, are essential in order to better understand the pathogenesis of such events. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - October 26, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Successful treatment with repeated dexamethasone implant injections for recurrent macular edema after acute retinal necrosis
ConclusionsThis case shows successful treatment of recurring cystoid macular edema following acute retinal necrosis with repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implants in a patient receiving valacyclovir maintenance treatment. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - October 21, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Venom ophthalmia (keratoconjunctivitis) caused by nuchal gland secretion of Rhabdophis tigrinus: case report
AbstractRhabdophis tigrinus (R. tigrinus) is a common colubrid snake that possesses a series of paired sac-like nuchal glands behind the head. When pressure is applied to the nuchal area, the thin skin over the nuchal glands can rupture and release secretions. In Japan, 19 cases of ophthalmia caused by the nuchal gland secretion ofR. tigrinus have been reported. However, only one case has been documented in an English report. A 72-year old woman was sprayed by the nuchal gland fluid ofR. tigrinus in her right eye. She presented with symptoms of eye pain and blurred vision. A slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse superfici...
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - October 7, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Choroidal sarcoid granuloma: a case report and review of the literature
ConclusionPrimary testing including fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, A/B-scan, and OCT are useful for diagnosis, differentiation from other choroidal lesions, and monitoring treatment response. Steroids are a mainstay of treatment for sarcoidosis and are effective at treating choroidal granulomas. Therefore, early recognition and diagnosis of choroidal granulomas is imperative as treatment can be curative and sight-sparing. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - September 29, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Recurrence rates in ocular non-infectious uveitis according to US FDA criteria or Rest of World criteria
(Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - September 14, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Evaluating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for clinical trials and clinical practice in adult patients with uveitis or scleritis: a systematic review
In conclusion, there are few validated PROMs for patients with uveitis and none for scleritis, and existing instruments have suboptimal psychometric perfo rmance. We articulate why we do not recommend their inclusion as clinical trial outcome measures for drug licensing purposes, and highlight an unmet need for PROMs applicable to uveitis and scleritis. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - September 5, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Demography and clinical pattern of newly diagnosed uveitis patients in Malaysia
ConclusionThis study has highlighted the demographic data and common causes of uveitis in Malaysia. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - September 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Destructive inflammatory reaction after an autologous retinal pigment epithelium and choroid transplantation: no detection of an auto-immune response
ConclusionsAlthough local mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and a high number of B-lymphocytes were observed in an explanted graft, we did not detect serological evidence of an autoimmune origin of the postoperative inflammation using direct immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Alternatively, the graft failure may have been caused by local innate inflammation, triggered by  breakdown of tolerance. Based on our current findings of this small study group, we have no rationale to pursue therapies targeted towards autoreactive graft failure. More research is needed to confirm our findings. (Source: Journal of Ophthal...
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - August 26, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Socioeconomic disadvantage and impact on visual outcomes in patients with viral retinitis and retinal detachment
AbstractWhile socioeconomic disparities impact clinical care and patient outcomes,their impact on the anatomic and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in patients with viral retinitis is unstudied. This case series included 18 eyes in 18 patients from a single academic institution between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance, immunosuppression, viral retinitis, retinal detachment, retinal detachment repair, visual and anatomic outcomes, missed appointments, and Area Deprivation Index [ADI] were collected. The low-ADI group, indicating less socioecon...
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - August 2, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research