Shorter versus longer-course of antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in pediatric population: an updated meta-analysis
Conclusion: In summary, our results suggest that long-course p.o. antibiotic therapy is associated with a lower rate of treatment failure when compared to short-course p.o. antibiotic therapy. There was no statistical difference between both courses regarding reinfection and relapse rates within 15 months. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42023456745.What is Known:• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, affecting around 7.5% of those under 18.• The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for pediatric UTIs has been a subject of debate.What is New:• Short-course therapy (5 or fewer days) was associated...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 7, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Altered intra- and inter-network brain functional connectivity associated with prolonged screen time in pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder
Conclusion: ASD children with prolonged ST often exhibit lower DQ of language development and more severe autistic characteristics. The alteration of intra- and inter-network FC may be a key neuroimaging feature of the effect of prolonged ST on neurodevelopment in ASD children. Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2100051141.What is Known:• Prolonged ST has adverse effects on autistic characteristics and language development.• Neuroimaging technology may help to further explain the role of prolonged ST in ASD.What is New:• This is the first study to explore the impact of ST on intra- and inter-network FC in children ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 7, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Autonomic cardiac function in children and adolescents with long COVID: a case-controlled study
Conclusion: These findings suggest that pediatric patients with long COVID have an imbalance of cardiac autonomic function toward a relative predominance of parasympathetic tone, as already reported in adult patients with long COVID. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of this autonomic dysfunction and demonstrate its role as a pathophysiological mechanism of long COVID, paving the way for effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.What is Known:• Long Covid in children has been described globally, but studies have mostly focused on collecting the temporal evolution of persisting symptoms...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 6, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Primary non-refluxing megaureter: Natural history, follow-up and treatment
Conclusion: Ureteral replantation with excision of the dysfunctional ureteral segment and often ureteral tapering is the gold-standard procedure for PMU, although endoscopic treatment has been shown to have a fair success rate in many studies. In this review, we discuss the natural history, follow-up, and treatment of PMU.What is Known:• PMU is the result of an atonic or stenotic segment of the distal ureter, resulting in congenital dilation of the ureter, and is frequently diagnosed on routine antenatal ultrasound.What is New:• Most often, PMU remains asymptomatic and clinically stable, allowing for non-operative mana...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 5, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project
Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.What is Known:• Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits.• Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies.What is New:• This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recomme...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Graded exercise therapy compared to activity management for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: There was no evidence that GET was more effective or cost-effective than AM in this setting, with very limited improvement in either study group evident by the 6-month or 12-month assessment points. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered atwww.isrctn.com (3rd September 2015; ISRCTN 23962803) before the start of enrolment to the initial feasibility phase.What is Known:• Paediatric ME/CFS is disabling with negative effects on physical and cognitive function, mood and quality of life. Although CBT improves fatigue, disability and school attendance, at least 37% of children and young people with M...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Galectin-3 levels in children with cystic fibrosis
Conclusion: The study shows that serum Galectin-3 levels increased in clinically stable CF patients, and serum Galectin-3 response may depend on age, gender, and BMI. The sputum Galectin-3 was found to be negatively correlated with patients ’ lung functions.What is known:• Galectin-3 is a key regulator of chronic inflammation in the lung, liver, kidney, and tumor microenvironment.What is new:• Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have higher serum Galectin-3 concentrations than healthy children.• Serum Galectin-3 expression influenced by age, BMI, and gender in children with CF. (Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Neurological manifestations and risk factors associated with poor prognosis in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection
Conclusion: In this study, 32.8% of hospitalized children suffering from COVID-19 due to the Omicron variant infection experienced neurological manifestations. Baseline albumin and CK-MB levels could accurately predict poor prognosis in this patient population.What is Known:• Neurological injury has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infection; compared with other strains, the Omicron strain is more likely to cause neurological manifestations in adults.• Neurologic injury in adults such as cerebral hemorrhage and epilepsy has been reported in patients with Omicron variant infection.What is New:• One-third hospitalized child...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Educational programmes for paediatric healthcare professionals in patient- and family-centred care. A scoping review
Conclusion: A large variety of educational programmes in paediatric patient- and family-centred care exist. Educational content mainly focused on communication and relational competencies. Experiential learning including roleplay and simulation was the most used educational strategy.What is Known:• Delivery of patient- and family-centred care improves parental satisfaction of care but requires clinicians have a certain attitude towards involving the child and parents in a healthcare partnership as well as advanced triadic communication skills. Little is known about how this attitude, and m ore broadly, patient- and famil...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Correction to: Erythema nodosum in children: a cohort study from a tertiary pediatric hospital in Italy
(Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project
Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.What is Known:• Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits.• Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies.What is New:• This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recomme...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Graded exercise therapy compared to activity management for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: There was no evidence that GET was more effective or cost-effective than AM in this setting, with very limited improvement in either study group evident by the 6-month or 12-month assessment points. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered atwww.isrctn.com (3rd September 2015; ISRCTN 23962803) before the start of enrolment to the initial feasibility phase.What is Known:• Paediatric ME/CFS is disabling with negative effects on physical and cognitive function, mood and quality of life. Although CBT improves fatigue, disability and school attendance, at least 37% of children and young people with M...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Galectin-3 levels in children with cystic fibrosis
Conclusion: The study shows that serum Galectin-3 levels increased in clinically stable CF patients, and serum Galectin-3 response may depend on age, gender, and BMI. The sputum Galectin-3 was found to be negatively correlated with patients ’ lung functions.What is known:• Galectin-3 is a key regulator of chronic inflammation in the lung, liver, kidney, and tumor microenvironment.What is new:• Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have higher serum Galectin-3 concentrations than healthy children.• Serum Galectin-3 expression influenced by age, BMI, and gender in children with CF. (Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 2, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
