Clinical features of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in children
Conclusions: HNL is often misdiagnosed in older children with persistent fever and lymphadenopathy, leading to unnecessary diagnostic tests and evaluations, inappropriate antibiotic administration, and mismanagement. A multidisciplinary team, including primary care providers, rheumatologists, and pathologists, can improve patient outcomes by increasing their awareness of this rare condition.What is Known:• Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is characterized by fever, leukopenia, and neck lymphadenopathy with unknown etiology.• The lack of neutrophils or eosinophils in the histology, immunohistochemistry result...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 23, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Development of external genitalia during mini-puberty: is it related to somatic growth or reproductive hormones?
Conclusions: External genitalia in males during mini-puberty is related more to somatic growth rather than reproductive hormones. Similar to pubertal developmental stages, both total and free testosterone are negatively associated with higher weight during mini-puberty.What is Known:• Mini-puberty allows early assessment of HPG axis function in infancy.• There is an inverse relationship between the amount of adipose tissue and circulating testosterone levels in males during puberty and adulthood.• The potential effect of somatic growth and reproductive hormones on external genital development during mini-puberty rema...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Use of POCUS for the assessment of dehydration in pediatric patients —a narrative review
Conclusion: POCUS can provide important information in the assessment of intravascular fluid status in emergency scenarios, but measurements may be confounded by a number of other clinical variables. The inclusion of lung and cardiac views may assist in better understanding the patient ’s physiology and etiology regarding volume status.What is Known:• In pediatric practice, POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound) has been mostly implemented to recognize lung conditions (like pneumonia and bronchiolitis) and pleural and pericardial effusions, but less to evaluate fluid depletion.• The size of the IVC (inferior vena cava) and...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Reducing the risks of nuclear war —the role of health professionals
(Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Lung ultrasound for the sick child: less harm and more information than a radiograph
Conclusion: the aim of this review is to discuss the following key points:How to perform a lung ultrasound scanMain ultrasonographic features of the healthy lungThe functional approach: Lung Ultrasound Score in the child and the neonateWhat is Known:• Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is applied in pediatric and neonatal age for the diagnosis of pneumothorax, consolidation, and pleural effusion.• Recently, LUS has been introduced into clinical practice as a bedside diagnostic method for monitoring surfactant use in NARDS and lung recruitment in PARDS.What is New:• Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has proven to be useful in confirming dia...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 21, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Point-of-care ultrasound for vascular access in neonates and children
Conclusion: Therefore, any vascular access expert (nurse or physicians) should have documented competency in the use of ultrasound. This knowledge should include the use of ultrasound for assessment of vessels, for catheter insertion, for proper placement of the tip, and for real-time detection of complications.What is Known:• Ultrasound is obviously useful for vascular access procedures in neonates and children.What is New:• Recent evidence suggests that ultrasound is useful for many purposes in the field of vascular access (preprocedural scan, ultrasound-guided puncture, tip navigation, tip location, diagnosis of mos...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Risk factors and prediction models for bronchiolitis obliterans after severe adenoviral pneumonia
Conclusion: Age < 1 year, PICU admission, long fever duration, and bilateral lung infection are independent risk factors for PIBO in children with SAP. The nomogram model may aid clinicians in the early diagnosis and intervention of PIBO.What is Known:• Adenoviruses are the most common pathogens associated with PIBO.• Wheezing, tachypnoea, hypoxemia, and mechanical ventilation are the risk factors for PIBO.What is New:• Age < 1 year, admission to PICU, long duration of fever days, and bilateral lung infection are independent risk factors for PIBO in children with SAP.• A prediction model presente...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Point-of-care brain ultrasound and transcranial doppler or color-coded doppler in critically ill neonates and children
Conclusion: In critically ill neonates, brain ultrasound for diagnosis and follow-up of the most common cerebral pathologies of the neonatal period may be considered the standard of care. Data are needed about the possible role of doppler techniques for the assessment of cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity of the critically ill neonate with open fontanelles. In pediatric critical care, doppler based techniques should be routinely adopted to assess and monitor cerebral hemodynamics. New technologies and more evidence are needed to improve the accuracy of brain ultrasound for the assessment of brain parenchyma of criticall...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 19, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Childhood community-acquired pneumonia
Conclusion: New insights into the aetiology and treatment of CAP in children in recent years have influenced management and are the focus of this review. In addition to reducing diagnostic uncertainty, there is an urgent need to reduce antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance in children with CAP.What is Known:• Conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b have shifted the epidemiology of childhood CAP to predominantly viral pathogens and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.• Clinical, laboratory, and radiological criteria cannot reliably distinguish between bacterial and viral aetiolo...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 19, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Evaluating quality of life in pediatric palliative care: a cross-sectional analysis of children ’s and parents’ perspectives
Conclusions: Children have a more optimistic view than their parents. When the child is the one who reports a lower QoL score than their parent, the child should be carefully monitored. The voice of the child and that of the family members can be collected to create a “family voice” and can be complementary.What is Known:• Children with life-limiting conditions experience multiple and changing symptoms that affect their QoL.• The child’s perspective is often overlooked.What is New:• Children value QoL more positively than their parents do, even if we control for sociodemographic variables and the disease itself...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 19, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Exclusive human milk feeding and prevalence of early adiposity rebound in ELBW infants: a retrospective cohort study
Conclusions: ELBW infants in our cohort developed EAR in a relatively high percentage of cases. In this already at-risk population, EAR may represent a further risk factor for an adverse metabolic outcome. Monitoring preterm infants ’ growth within a long-term follow-up program and promoting and supporting human milk feeding is advisable.What is Known:• Preterm-born infants are at high risk for long-term adverse health outcomes, especially cardiovascular and metabolic.• The occurrence of early adiposity rebound (EAR) is associated with the risk of later obesity and metabolic syndrome.What is New:• The occurrence of...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 19, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Online-merge-offline (OMO)-based music therapy for asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Conclusion: As a child-friendly, low-risk, and convenient intervention, the OMO-based MT has a positive impact on pediatric asthma management during the COVID-19 pandemic.What is Known:• A few findings proved the positive effect of MT on pediatric asthma.What is New:• Our study further proving the validation and effectiveness of MT with OMO-based model on pediatric asthma, wind instrument playing has a greater impact on pediatric asthma control via small airways and might be recommended to mix to singing and breathing to improve effectiveness of MT for asthma tic children. (Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 16, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP): an old dog, with new tricks
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the role of RCSP for simple, accessible and quick screening of paediatric FF. This is especially pertinent for non-podiatric healthcare professional without specialised paediatric foot knowledge.What is Known:• Most children develop a normal arch quickly, and flat feet usually resolve on their own between 2 and 6 years of age.• The measurement used to diagnose flat foot in children must be accurate, consistent, and valid to characterize the standard foot position. The Resting Calcaneal Stance Position (RCSP) is another widely used measure to evaluate the position of the f...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 16, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Analysis of noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit: the impact of clinical microsystems
Conclusion: Our data show that noise levels are more driven by human behavior than by technical devices. Implementation of microsystems may help to reduce noise exposure in the lower acuity pods in a NICU.What is Known:• Excessive noise levels can lead to adverse effects on the health and development of premature infants and other critically ill newborns.• The reorganization of the neonatal intensive care unit following the clinical microsystems principles might improve quality of care but also affect noise exposure of staff and patients.What is New:• The transition from a mixed -acuity to cohorting model is associat...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 14, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pharmacotherapy for ADHD in children and adolescents: A summary and overview of different European guidelines
Conclusion: Pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents are effective and generally well-tolerated. Pharmacotherapy for ADHD is always part of a multimodal approach. While there is a considerable consensus among European guidelines on pharmacotherapy for ADHD, notable differences exist, particularly concerning the selection and sequencing of various medications.What is Known:• There is a significant base of evidence for pharmacological treatment for ADHD in children and adolescents.• Pediatricians are often involved in assessment, diagnosis and management of children with ADHD.What is N...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - December 14, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
