Differences in clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in neonates
Conclusion: The clinical symptoms and rates of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates differed between the early-onset and late-onset groups. Different clinical management is necessary for neonates with early-onset and late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections.What is Known:• Neonates are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).• Differences in clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates remain unclear.What is New:• Fever and cough were the most common symptoms among neonates with late-onset infection.• Neonates with late-onset SA...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 18, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Effects of early-life gut microbiota on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants: a multi-center, longitudinal observational study in China
Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible association between the neonatal gut microbial diversity; the relative abundance ofKlebsiella,Streptococcus, andLactobacillus; and neurodevelopment from 1 to 6 MCA. In the future, clinical staff can focus on the window period of gut microbiota colonization, and implement probiotics targeted at the dominant genera to improve the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.What is Known:• In the fields of biology and medicine, current studies suggest that gut microbiota may play an important role in the critical window period of neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis pathway.• Exte...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 17, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-regression on international trends in the incidence of ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents associated with socioeconomic and geographic factors
Conclusion: Our findings indicate a rising incidence of pediatric UC in numerous countries since 1970, but with significant geographical variation, potentially presenting challenges for respective healthcare systems. We have identified geographic and socioeconomic factors that contribute to the observed heterogeneity in incidence rates. These findings provide a foundation for future research and health policies, aiming to tackle the growing burden of UC among children and adolescents.What is Known:• The incidence of ulcerative colitis in childhood and adolescence appears to be increasing worldwide and varies internationa...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 17, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Synergistic effects of achieving perinatal interventions on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Conclusion: Six perinatal interventions can effectively reduce the risk of sBPD and death in a synergistic form.What is Known:• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial chronic lung disease associated with prematurity. The effective management of BPD requires a comprehensive set of interventions. However, the extent to which these interventions can mitigate the risk of severe outcomes, such as severe BPD or mortality, or if they possess synergistic effects remains unknown.What is New:• The implementation of various perinatal interventions, such as prenatal steroids, birth in centers with tertiary NICU, ea...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 17, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The success rate and complications of midline catheters in pediatric outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT)
Conclusion: Midline catheters could be an alternative to central venous access for pediatric OPAT. Avoiding saphenous vein insertion and using longer and larger-sized catheters could increase MC success rate. No severe MC-related complication was found. Further randomized studies comparing different catheter types are needed.What is Known:• For selected patients, pediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is safe and provides health-economic, psychosocial, and medical advantages compared to in-hospital care.• A reliable venous access is one of the key factors to the success of OPAT, but this can be a ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 16, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Rare genetic forms of obesity in childhood and adolescence: A narrative review of the main treatment options with a focus on innovative pharmacological therapies
Conclusion: However, additional preclinical research and studies in the paediatric population are required, both to develop more personalised prevention and therapeutic programs, particularly for the early implementation of innovative and beneficial management options, and to enable the translation of these novel therapy approaches into clinical practice.What is Known:• The prevalence of obesity in the paediatric population is increasing, and it is considered as a multifaceted condition that often begins in early childhood and persists in the adult life. Particularly, rare genetic forms of obesity are influenced by a co...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 16, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Are sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements related to later developmental functioning outcomes? A cohort study
Conclusion: This longitudinal study showed that the quality of sucking patterns, fidgety movements, and MOS-R were related to later developmental functioning, indicating that abnormal sucking patterns, aberrant fidgety movements, and lower MOS-R might predict developmental disorders.What is Known:• Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements in which central pattern generators play an important role are related.• Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements might be used separately to predict developmental outcomes.What is New:• Sucking patterns and early spontaneous movements, when used together, were relat...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 13, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Epidemiology of pediatric hematological malignancies in Kazakhstan: Data from Unified National Electronic Healthcare System 2014 –2021
AbstractWe aimed to describe incidence and all-cause mortality of hematological pediatric malignancies (leukemia and lymphomas) in Kazakhstan based on nationwide large-scale healthcare data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) for the 2014 –2021 year period. The cohort included data of patients less than 18 years old with the diagnosis of hematological malignancies registered in the UNEHS (inpatient and outpatient registries) for the year period 2014–2021. Descriptive statistics were conducted to indicate socio-demographic chara cteristics of the cohort. Incidence and all-cause mortality wer...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 12, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): A nationwide collaborative study in the Greek population
Conclusion: MIS-C is a novel, infrequent but serious disease entity. Cardiac manifestations included myocarditis and pericarditis, which resolved in most patients before discharge. Timely initiation of immunomodulatory therapy was shown to be effective. NT-pro-BNP levels may provide a better prediction and monitoring of the disease course. Further research is required to elucidate the pathogenesis, risk factors and optimal management, and long-term outcomes of this clinical entity.What is Known:• MIS-C is an infrequent but serious disease entity.• Patients with MIS-C present with multi-organ dysfunction, primarily invo...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 12, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development
Conclusions: Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls.What is Known:• Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects.• Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results.What is New:• Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys.• Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal d...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 11, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Central nervous system tumours in neonates: what should the neonatologist know?
Conclusion: The aim of this review is to describe the main characteristics of these tumours and the recent advances in their treatment in order to ensure the essential knowledge that will help the neonatologist identify them and create a multidisciplinary team providing the best possible treatment while minimising the risk of long-term complications.What is Known:• Neonatal CNS tumours are relatively rare and their early identification is important to identify the best diagnostic-therapeutic management.• Surgery is the main treatment of neonatal CNS tumours. The extent of surgical resection directly correlates with pro...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 11, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
NT-proBNP course during MIS-C post-COVID-19: an observational study
Conclusions: During the MIS-C episode, NT-proBNP increased over time until diagnosis and treatment. It dropped faster thereafter in children with high NT-proBNP at diagnosis > 11,000 pg/mL and slower in case of persistent fever.What is Known:• NT-proBNP is useful in MIS-C for positive and differential diagnosis, diagnosis of complications and severity, and cardiogenic shock prediction.• Contrasting cut-offs for differential diagnosis and severity assessment have been suggested.What is New:• Before diagnosis, NT-proBNP increases with time and is significantly higher at 6 days from first symptoms than at 3 ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 11, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Vitamin D intervention as a curative measure for glucose intolerance in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review on randomized control trials
Conclusion: The present review highlights that a significant proportion of the studies incorporated in the analysis demonstrate that the administration of vitamin D may be a preventive measure in ameliorating insulin resistance among pediatric patients with obesity, but it is advisable to implement a prolonged intervention with a substantial sample size and perform micro-level analysis at the gene level to evaluate the impact of vitamin D treatment.What is known:• Childhood obesity and its associated metabolic disorder is a concerned global problem.• Several studies showed an association of vitamin D deficiency with ad...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 11, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Expression profiles of the lncRNA antisense GAS5-AS1 in colon biopsies from pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients and its role in regulating sense transcript GAS5
Conclusion: This study provided for the first time new insights into the potential role of GAS5-AS1 in IBD. GAS5-AS1 modulates GAS5 levels in vitro and may serve as a potential IBD diagnostic biomarker.What is Known:• GAS5 is involved in regulating intestinal MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pediatric patients with IBD;• GAS5-AS1 has never been investigated in the context of IBD;• GAS5-AS1 regulates the expression of GAS5, increasing its stability in tissues and in vitro cell models of cancer.What is New:• GAS5-AS1 correlated with GAS5 and IBD clinical parameters;• GAS5-AS1 can modulate GAS5 levels in macrophages;• GAS5-AS1 ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 10, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Cardiopulmonary function in paediatric post-COVID-19: a controlled clinical trial
Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate post-COVID-19 in children using the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Although there was a significantly reduced\(\dot{{\text{V}}}{{\text{O}}}_{2}{\text{peak}}\) in the post-COVID-19 group, this was not true for the percent of predicted values. No pathological findings with respect to cardiac or pulmonary functions could be discerned. Deconditioning was the most plausible cause for the experienced symptoms. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT054445531, Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Post Covid-19 —Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov.What is K...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - January 9, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
