Twenty-one-year follow-up revealed guideline-concordant and non-concordant trends in intensive care of bronchiolitis
Conclusion: When post-guideline years were compared with pre-guideline years, the use of bronchodilators decreased in agreement, but the use of inhaled saline increased in disagreement with the guidelines. The use of respiratory support increased, evidently because of an introduction of the non-invasive HFOT treatment modality.What is Known:• Oxygen supplementation and respiratory support, when needed, are the cornerstones of bronchiolitis treatment.• Medicines are frequently given to infants with bronchiolitis, especially if intensive care is needed, although evidence of their effectiveness is lacking.What is New:• ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 29, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Orchidopexy for congenital cryptorchidism in childhood and adolescence and testicular cancer in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis verifies, with an updated estimate, the increased risk of testicular cancer in adults with an orchidopexy history. New evidence on the maldescent laterality supports that the cancer risk remains increased and for the contralateral, unaffected testicle, although to a lesser extent. The orchidopexy in the first year of life prevents the testicular damage and decreases the overall cancer risk.What is Known:• Congenital cryptorchidism is the commonest genitourinary abnormality and a risk factor for testicular cancer.• The most recent meta-analysis reporting this associat...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 29, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Update on the pediatric adverse vocal behavior voice disorders: a clinical practice review
Conclusion: A total of 315 results were returned on an initial PubMed search. All articles from 2000 to 2022 written in English or Chinese were screened. Duplicate articles, those relating to adults only or concerned with the malignant lesion of the vocal cord, were excluded, resulting in 196 articles of interest. Relevant references and books have also been consulted, and we provide a review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these maladaptive vocal behavioral voice disorders.What is Known:• Hoarseness is the most common voice symptom in children, and there are various causes of hoarseness in children. How...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 28, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Habitual physical activity in patients born with oesophageal atresia: a multicenter cross-sectional study and comparison to a healthy reference cohort matched for gender and age
Conclusion: EA patients participated in PA at a similar level but lower intensities compared to the reference cohort. PA in EA patients was largely independent of medical factors.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00025276) on September 6, 2021.What is Known:•Oesophageal atresia is associated with a low body weight and height, delayed development of motor skills and impaired lung function and exercise capacity.What is New:• Patients with oesophageal atresia have a similar amount of sports activity per week but engage significantly less in moderate to vigorous physical activities compared to p...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 28, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Correction to: Trends in serum uric acid levels among Korean children and adolescents between 2016 and 2020: a nationwide study
(Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 28, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Immune-mediated cytopenias (IMCs) after HSCT for pediatric non-malignant disorders: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment
Conclusion: We reviewed the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment of IMCs, aiming to offer a deeper understanding of these complications as a guide to improving the management of these fragile patients and a cue for the design of tailored clinical trials.What is Known:• IMCs arising in the post-HSCT setting represent a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. Younger patients affected by non-malignant disorders are at the greatest risk of IMCs arising after HSCT. Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab represent the undiscussed fir st-line therapeutic approach.What is New:...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 27, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Systematic rotation versus continuous application of ‘nasal prongs’ or ‘nasal mask’ in preterm infants on nCPAP: a randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: Systematic rotation of nasal mask with nasal prongs significantly reduced nasal injury among preterm infants on nCPAP as compared to continuous use of nasal prongs alone without affecting nCPAP failure rate. Trial registration: CTRI/2019/01/017320, registered on 31/01/2019.What is Known:• Use of nasal mask as an interface for nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure decreases nasal injury as compared to nasal prongs.What is New:• Rotation of nasal prongs and nasal mask interfaces alternately every 8 h may reduce the nasal injury even further as compared to either interface alone. (Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 27, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Assessment of myocardial function in late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn using tissue Doppler imaging - a pilot observational study
Conclusion: Myocardial tissue Doppler imaging of TTN infants revealed occult right ventricular diastolic dysfunction secondary to persistently raised pulmonary arterial pressure.What is Known:•Transient tachypnea of the newborn may be associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.What is New:•Tissue Doppler imaging in infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn revealed occult right ventricular diastolic dysfunction secondary to raised pulmonary arterial pressure, not detected by standard echocardiography. (Source: European Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 24, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Psychosocial determinants of sleep difficulties in adolescence: the role of perceived support from family, peers, and school in an Italian HBSC sample
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.What is Known:• Adolescents' are at-risk of more significant sleep difficulties, and recent literature highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding this phenomenon, including biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors.• The literature la...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 23, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Computer-aided facial analysis as a tool to identify patients with Silver –Russell syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome
Conclusion: In addition to a thorough medical history and detailed clinical examination, the Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to support clinicians in identifying children with a potential diagnosis of SRS or PWS.What is Known:•Several genetic syndromes present typical facial features that may provide clues for the diagnosis.•Memorizing all syndromic facial characteristics is a challenging task for clinicians.What is New:•Face2Gene may represent a useful support for pediatricians for the diagnosis of genetic syndromes.•Face2Gene app can be a useful tool to integrate in the diagnostic path of patients with SRS and...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Neurological features related to influenza virus in the pediatric population: a 3-year monocentric retrospective study
Conclusion: Various neurological manifestations can be associated with influenza virus. Certain entities led to a poor prognosis, but in most cases, symptoms improved within a few days. The severity of the neurological manifestations correlated with previous neurological or metabolic disorders.What is Known:• Influenza viruses are well known pathogens with a seasonal epidemic evolution, particularly affecting children. These viruses cause acute fever with respiratory symptoms, associated with myalgia and headaches. Neurological presentation in influenza‐virus infection is a well‐established possi bility as influenza ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Prevention of myopia shift and myopia onset using 0.01% atropine in premyopic children — a prospective, randomized, double-masked, and crossover trial
Conclusion: Within the limits of only two consecutive 6-month observation period, 0.01% atropine eye drops effectively prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic children.Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000034760). Registered 18 July 2020.What is Known:• Minimal studies on interventions for pre-myopia, despite the International Myopia Institute stating that preventing myopia is an “even more valuable target” for science and practice than reducing progression after onset.What is New:• A total of 0.01% atr...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 22, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Reference values of diaphragmatic dimensions in healthy children aged 0 –8 years
Conclusion: Ultrasound measurements of Tdi and dTF were highly reproducible in healthy children aged 0 –8 years. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04589910.What is Known:• Diaphragmatic thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction are widely used parameters in ultrasound studies of the diaphragm in mechanically ventilated children, but normal values for healthy children to compare these with are scarce.What is New:• We determined normal values of diaphragmatic thickness and diaphragm thickening fraction using ultrasound in 137 healthy children aged 0–8 years old. The diaphrag...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Impact of COVID-19 on adolescent sexual life and attitudes: have we considered all the possible secondary effects of the pandemic?
Conclusion: The extent to which increased pornography consumption from an early age during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected adolescents ’ mental well-being, personality construction and sexual behaviour is yet to be seen. Vigilance from the society as a whole is required so that potential negative adverse effects of adolescent pornography use and potential social implications are recognized early and managed. Further research is n eeded so that the full impact of the COVID-19-related pornography use in the adolescent population is revealed.What is Known:•A significant increase in pornography consumption has been...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Effectiveness of sucralfate in preventing esophageal stricture in children after ingestion of caustic agents
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that sucralfate may reduce the development of esophageal stricture in children when used to manage IIB esophageal burns due to ingestion of caustic agents.What is Known:• Ingestion of caustic agents by children is a serious health issue that can affect the patient for the rest of his life.• The role of sucralfate in preventing stricture caused by caustic agents is controversial and limited studies have been conducted in this field.What is New:• It seems that sucralfate significantly reduces the incidence of esophageal stricture following the ingestion of caustic agents ...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - March 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
