Appetite- and weight-regulating neuroendocrine circuitry in hypothalamic obesity
Endocr Rev. 2023 Nov 29:bnad033. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (e.g. septo-optic dyspl...
Source: Endocrine Reviews - November 29, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hoong-Wei Gan Manuela Cerbone Mehul Tulsidas Dattani Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental programming of adiposity: contributions to obesity risk
We describe the physiological outcomes of perinatal under- and overfeeding and explore potential mechanisms that may mediate the impact of such exposures on the development of feeding circuits within the CNS-including the influences of metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes. The perinatal environment, reflective of maternal nutritional status, contributes to the programming of offspring adiposity. The in utero and early postnatal periods represent critically sensitive developmental windows during which the hormonal and metabolic milieu affects the maturation of the hypothalamus. Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with...
Source: Endocrine Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alicja A Skowronski Rudolph L Leibel Charles A LeDuc Source Type: research
Diabetes mellitus, energy metabolism and COVID-19
Endocr Rev. 2023 Nov 2:bnad032. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTObesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2) and COVID-19 show mutual interactions, as they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how pre-existing metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacer...
Source: Endocrine Reviews - November 7, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Caterina Conte Elisa Cipponeri Michael Roden Source Type: research
