Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis-Shared Risk Factors and Potentiation of Pathogenic Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPeriodontitis and osteoporosis are diseases which exhibit bone loss, quantifiable in the oral cavity and skeleton respectively. Accumulating evidence suggests that the two diseases interact with each other resulting in increased prevalence and more rapid disease progression. This review will explore if recent publications can elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs.Recent StudiesAnimal studies suggested that osteoporosis will accelerate the progression and severity of periodontitis. Most human studies have supported this association, mainly based upon radiographic measurements and to a lesser...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - February 23, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Smoking and Periodontal Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSmoking is a strong and modifiable risk factor for periodontitis. The adverse effects of smoking on oral health are at the center of long-term studies. The aim of this review is to assess these effects with new findings.Recent FindingsStudies in different populations have demonstrated strong associations between smoking and severity of periodontitis. Additionally, researchers have observed similar effects in various types of smoking such as water pipe smoking and smokeless tobacco. Microbiological analyses recently have shown increased early colonization of periodontal pathogens in smokers. Lower l...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - February 7, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periodontal Diseases/Treatment and Bisphosphonates
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHost response against bacteria or their toxins eventually play a major role in alveolar bone destruction observed in periodontitis. Because of the role in bone resorption, bisphosphonates were applied as adjunct to non-surgical therapy. This review highlights the effects of bisphosphonates on clinical parameters as adjunct to periodontal treatment.Recent FindingsSignificant clinical and radiographic effects were observed in animal and human study models. In recent studies, local usage of the bisphosphonate gels was examined in periodontitis patients to prevent the systemic side effects. The mean po...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 31, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periodontal Treatment in Cancer Patients: an Interdisciplinary Approach
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDental care is an essential component in the comprehensive treatment for a cancer patient. As such, a review of the literature was completed to determine the relationships between periodontal and dental care in the cancer patient and provide strategic suggestions.Recent FindingsPeriodontal treatment must be personalized depending on the patient ’s current oral health status, systemic status, and progress in treatment. Oral mucositis, periodontal status, and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) remain periodontal concerns in providing dental care to the cancer patient. Risk factors for development of ON...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 27, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Challenges in the Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis and its Implications on Health
AbstractᅟEnterococcus faecalis is frequently found in infected root canals of teeth with persistent apical periodontitis.PurposeTo review the challenges involved in the eradication of persistentEnterococcus faecalis infections and their impact on human health.Recent FindingsIn the root canal system,Enterococcus faecalis resides in biofilm communities that are able to resist a wide range of harsh conditions and treatments and persist for years. Various virulence and resistance factors provideEnterococcus faecalis capabilities in adherence, colonization, and biofilm formation, which is much more resistant to antibacterial ...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 23, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periodontology for Geriatric Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewElderly population represents the fastest growing population segment and target group of many expert organizations developing strategies for successful aging. The substantial increase in man ’s lifespan together with implementation of preventive dental programs resulted in decreased tooth loss and increased prevalence of periodontal disease. Hence, the present review focused on positioning periodontal health within aging process, characteristic of the senescent periodontium, periodont itis-aging interplay, clinical characteristics, and implications for periodontal care in geriatric patients.Recen...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 17, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Diseases and Periodontal Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPeriodontitis and cardiovascular diseases are both inflammatory conditions. Recent epidemiological studies have associated the effects of periodontitis on cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. This review aims to summarize the relationship between those two conditions.Recent FindingsAlthough there is no evidence of a causal relationship, an association between the two conditions is apparent. The potential factors include bacterial pathway, inflammation, and genetics. Periodontal bacteria affect endothelial cells through interactions that aggravate the atherogenic process. Ulcerated periodontium...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 17, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Implications of Antimicrobial Usage to Prevent Bacteremia for Periodontal Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the current literature on periodontal treatment, bacteremia and prophylactic antibiotic usage to prevent the systemic adverse outcomes.Recent FindingsCurrently, it is not clear whether prophylactic antibiotic administration prevents bacterial endocarditis in patients with high risk.SummaryRecent publications have resulted in significant changes in the concept of antibiotic prophylaxis. Available evidence does not support the previously published guidelines recommending prophylactic antibiotic usage prior to dental treatment. Potential harms and costs of antibiotic administratio...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 16, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Are Sex Steroid Hormones Influencing Periodontal Conditions? A Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe pulsatile fashion of the release of sex steroid hormones has an impact on periodontium. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether sex steroid hormones influence periodontal diseases or not.Recent FindingsMEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database updated until July 2017 were searched and, particularly, the papers published over the past 5 years were reviewed.SummaryThe evidence is more supportive towards the effect of sex steroid hormone perturbations on an existing periodontal disease rather than the initiation of disease. Examination of potential diagnostics for pr...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 13, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Definitions and Epidemiology of Endodontic Infections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review describes the recent findings from epidemiological studies on endodontic infections. The recent literature was screened for studies on the prevalence of primary apical periodontitis and posttreatment apical periodontitis in various populations.Recent FindingsTwenty-nine articles reporting data on the prevalence of primary or posttreatment apical periodontitis from all over the world were included. The prevalence of apical periodontitis varied between 7 and 86%, while that of posttreatment apical periodontitis varied between 10 and 62%. The quality of the coronal restoration and the root...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - November 8, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Current Concepts of Epigenetics and Its Role in Periodontitis
AbstractPurposeThe focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, including disease susceptibility, progression, and as potential treatment options.Recent FindingsThe findings on the influence of oral pathogens on epigenetic regulation of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest an important role for epigenetics in the regulation of the host immune response. Recent studies also show that the epigenetic pattern in periodontitis lesions differ from that of healthy and gingiviti...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - November 6, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Revascularization of Immature Necrotic Teeth
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the past and present advancements in regenerative endodontics.Recent FindingsAvailable literature clearly demonstrates high-clinical success of regenerative endodontic procedures (REP). Several recommendations made by the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) with regard to REP protocols are based on recent work demonstrating these as stem cell-based therapies. This review summarizes the role of stem cells and therefore the rationale for the currently recommended guidelines.SummaryClinical success of REP lies between 80 and 100% with root development observed i...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 23, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Use of Probiotics and Oral Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this study is to critically assess recent studies concerning the use of probiotics to control periodontal diseases, dental caries and halitosis (oral malodour).Recent FindingsClinical studies have shown that probiotics when allied to conventional periodontal treatment can ameliorate microbial dysbiosis and produce significant improvement in clinical indicators of disease. However, this effect is often not maintained by the host after the end of probiotic use. Current probiotics also show limited effects in treating caries and halitosis. Novel approaches based up on replacement therap...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 19, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periodontitis: from Infection to Inflammation
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe purpose of this study is to discuss the current understanding of periodontitis causation.Recent FindingsThe understanding of periodontitis as a monocausal infection has hindered the investigation of other potential causes that influence periodontitis morbidity and does not reflect the complexity of periodontitis etiology. Still today, the periodontal literature frequently defines periodontitis as an infection, whereas other potential causes of periodontitis, like smoking, which seems to be causally related to periodontitis, are typically called modifying or susceptibility factors. Instead o...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 14, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Periodontal Abscess: a Review and the Role of Antimicrobial Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim was to summarize current knowledge about periodontal abscesses and describe recent research on antimicrobial treatment.Recent FindingsFor periodontal abscess treatment, antimicrobial therapy is implemented as an adjunct modality to subgingival debridement and/or abscess drainage. Among available systemic antimicrobial agents, amoxicillin (plus clavulanate), metronidazole, and azithromycin are often used with good clinical results. In our studies of patients with acute periodontal lesions, systemic administration of a new fluoroquinolone, sitafloxacin, yielded a significant improvement in cl...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 9, 2017 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
