Current Understanding of the Gut Microflora in Subjects with Nutrition-Associated Metabolic Disorder Such as Obesity and/or Diabetes: Is There Any Relevance with Oral Microflora?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe oral cavity is one of the main gateways to the whole body and leads to the gastrointestinal tract. Both oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract have complex ecosystems of microorganisms called microbiota. Recent studies have shown that altered local microbiome in human, such as gut microflora, is associated with various systemic diseases. This review focuses on the association between the microbiota at local sites, such as gut and oral cavity, and the systemic diseases, especially nutrition-associated metabolic disorder, such as obesity and/or diabetes.Recent FindingsThe gut microbiota has a pot...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 7, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Correction to: Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Adverse Gestation Outcomes: a Review of the Current Literature
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The name of the 3rd author should be “Julianna Peres Alves”. The original version has been corrected. (Source: Current Oral Health Reports)
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - March 7, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Adverse Gestation Outcomes: a Review of the Current Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMiller (Dent Cosmos 1891:698 –713, 1999) and Hunter (Br Med J 2:215–216, 1900) suggested the hypothesis that oral infections could spread throughout the body causing sepsis or be related to other pathologies in other systems or parts of the human body. In the 1990s, some research groups investigated possible associations be tween periodontal diseases and systemic diseases, such as prematurity and low birth weight. However, although there were theoretical bases related to the hypotheses tested, the experimental models indicated to explore the biological bases of this process (biological plausibi...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - February 13, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Autoimmunity and the Oral Cavity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to make the oral health practitioner and researcher aware of autoimmune diseases that present in the mouth and have implications for oral health. Specifically, the autoimmune pathophysiology, examples of treatments, sequelae, and impact on oral health will be discussed. The limitations of our current knowledge and understanding of these diseases will also be highlighted.Recent FindingsOver the past decade, it has become clear that there is a bidirectional relationship between oral health and autoimmune disease at other body sites; including diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Improv...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - February 2, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Is Human Papilloma Virus Infection Linked to Periodontitis? A Narrative Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewResearch suggests that periodontal tissue might serve as a reservoir for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, while another hypothesis is that chronic inflammation of the tissue might perpetuate an infection with oral HPV infection. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence related to a potential association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis.Recent FindingsTwelve articles were identified, and their key findings summarized. Studies vary in sample size, study population, study design, and methods for assessment of oral HPV and periodontitis. Although results are conflicting...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 30, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Medications for Chronic Conditions and Periodontal Disease
This study aims to review the current literature and consider the use of medication in the medical literature and medication in the treatment of periodontal inflammation. Review articles and non-human studies were avoided. Pain-killers and antibiotics were not covered. Modified tetracycline was, however, included. Non-surgical periodontal therapy remains standard of care procedure in the management of periodontal inflammation.Recent FindingsThere is a large volume of publications with findings from adjunct treatment of periodontitis using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, also including aspirin. In recent years (2015 ...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 16, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Oral Leukoplakia: Present Views on Diagnosis, Management, Communication with Patients, and Research
AbstractLeukoplakia is a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that carries an increased risk of malignant transformation.Purpose of Review(1) To provide insight into the difficulties in arriving at a proper diagnosis, (2) to evaluate the latest research on (bio) markers that may have predictive value with regard to the risk of malignant transformation, and (3) to evaluate the latest research on how patients with oral leukoplakia should be managed.Recent FindingsResearch on oral leukoplakia is still very much hampered, mainly because of the rather poor definition. No new (bio)markers have become available that reli...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 15, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum Samples for Periodontal Disease and Interactions with Systemic Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the current literature on the potential of systemic biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal diseases and also their role in the interaction with systemic diseases.Recent FindingsNumerous potential biomarkers in saliva or serum samples have been investigated in mainly cross-sectional, but also in some longitudinal studies. Periodontal diseases are multifactorial in nature and clinical findings are the result of the interactions between microorganisms and host response. Moreover, systemic health, genetic factors, psychological stress, and environmental factors can ha...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 14, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Epigenetics, Inflammation, and Periodontal Disease
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe purpose is to provide current knowledge and recent development and understanding of periodontal disease dysbiosis in the perspective of epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes, where environmental factors modify the gene expression network without changing the DNA sequence, may influence inflammatory diseases such as chronic periodontitis. These chemical modifications of DNA and histone proteins cause epigenetic changes that alter cellular function and host defenses.Recent FindingsFindings suggest that the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA particularly at CpG Islands is commonly associ...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - January 12, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Age and Periodontal Health —Immunological View
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAging clearly impacts a wide array of systems, in particular the breadth of the immune system leading to immunosenescence, altered immunoactivation, and coincident inflammaging processes. The net result of these changes leads to increased susceptibility to infections, increased neoplastic occurrences, and elevated frequency of autoimmune diseases with aging. However, as the bacteria in the oral microbiome that contribute to the chronic infection of periodontitis is acquired earlier in life, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems to regulate these members of the autochthon...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - November 7, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Oral Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Contributes to Oral Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOral health is maintained in a dynamic equilibrium between the host immunity and the oral microbiome. Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) are important innate immune cells in the oral cavity.Recent FindingsThe oPMNs play a co-controlling part in the maintenance of oral equilibrium. In human saliva, the oPMNs integrity is preserved, and their function remains unaffected. In general, oPMNs are in a higher state of baseline activation compared to peripheral PMNs. However, in periodontitis, the oPMNs ’ activation state can result in excessive release of damaging molecules in the extracellular ...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Tooth Repair and Regeneration
This report explores and discusses the newest achievements in the field of “regenerative dentistry,” based on the concept of biological repair as an alternative to the current conservative approach.Recent FindingsThe review covers and critically analyzes three main approaches of tooth repair: the re-mineralization of the enamel, the biological repair of dentin, and whole tooth engineering.SummaryThe development of a concept of biological repair based on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in reparative dentin formation offers a new translational approach into development of future clinical dental treatments.In the fi...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Saliva – A Promising Tool for Diagnosing Oral Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will present updates on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, exosome, and microbiome of saliva and the wide range of biomarkers found within these salivary components. We will explore the effectiveness and potential of salivary diagnostics on specific diseases: dental caries and demineralization diseases, periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis, oral cancers, and Sj ögren’s syndrome.Recent FindingsRecent studies have shown the feasibility of saliva as a diagnostic tool, in addition to the emergence of many novel salivary biomarkers. Unfortunately, many of these studies ...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Cross-transmission in the Dental Office: Does This Make You Ill?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecently, numerous scientific publications were published which shed new light on the possible risks of infection for dental healthcare workers and their patients. This review aimed to provide the latest insights in the relative risks of transmission of (pathogenic) micro-organisms in the dental office.Recent FindingsOf all different routes of micro-organism transmission during or immediately after dental treatment (via direct contact/via blood-blood contact/via dental unit water and aerosols), evidence of transmission is available. However, the recent results put the risks in perspective; infectio...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Scaffold Materials and Dental Stem Cells in Dental Tissue Regeneration
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTissue engineering, as a multidisciplinary approach, is a research topic in medicine, but also in dentistry, to build structures, such as enamel, the dentin-pulp complex, the periodontium, or even whole teeth. The purpose of this review is to describe the latest developments in dental tissue engineering, where some of them will change our treatment concepts in dentistry in the near future, and to discuss hurdles and challenges.Recent FindingsSophisticated scaffold materials for dental tissue engineering can be fabricated today. No longer only bioinert, but tailor-made for specific applications, bio...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - October 17, 2018 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
