Nutritional Status Influencing Orofacial Developmental Anomalies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDevelopmental anomalies affecting orofacial region are not that uncommon. Genetic factors play an important role in developmental anomalies of the orofacial region. However, the role of other factors including nutrition cannot be disregarded. This review focuses on the current literature regarding the role of nutrition in the normal development and various developmental anomalies associated with nutritional deficiency.Recent FindingsNeural crest cells have an enigmatic role in the development of orofacial region, and there are evidences to support the importance of nutrition in its differentiation....
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - July 11, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Should Antibiotics Be Rationed in Periodontics —if Yes, how?
AbstractPurposeBased on the latest findings, we evaluate the benefits and risks of systemic antibiotics in periodontal treatment and search for opportunities to reduce their use.Recent FindingsThorough mechanical debridement by deep scaling and root planing (SRP) resolves a considerable amount of pathology on its own. Thus, antibiotics are not needed for most cases of periodontitis. Specific indications are the presence of multiple deep pockets, especially in the molar area and rapid rate of progression. There, SRP plus amoxicillin-metronidazole can be an efficacious, minimally invasive, rapid, and inexpensive form of trea...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - July 10, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Current Protocols for the Treatment of Peri-implantitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPeri-implant diseases are becoming a major problem in modern dentistry. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases may provide key aspects for decision-making on their approach and obtaining predictable results. The purpose of the present article is to provide a narrative review of current protocols (2015 –present) used for treatment of peri-implantitis.Recent FindingsCurrent evidence reflects the level of diagnostic and therapeutic complexity; and multifactorial effect of conditions associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Non-surgical therapy, by mean...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - July 10, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: a Review of Current Standards of Care and Innovations to Improve Gingival and Periodontal Health
This report will examine current therapies for nonsurgical periodontal and peri-implant diseases, including oral hygiene measures and behavioral modification, scaling and root planing, adjunctive systemic and local antibiotic therapy, and novel pharmacologic and physical adjunctive treatments.Recent FindingsPeriodontitis is a highly prevalent, destructive disease and has been estimated to result in $54 billion of lost productivity yearly worldwide. Additionally, it is estimated that up to 5 million dental implants are placed each year and, with the increasing number of implants comes increasing numbers of cases of peri-imp...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - July 7, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Are There Any Sensors in Oral Cavity for Gut Hormone Release?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis brief review will present recent research findings regarding to the gut hormone secretions in the oral cavity to maintain the energy metabolism from the mouth to the whole body.Recent FindingsThe existence of the gut hormones, such as incretins, neuropeptides, and ghrelin, in the saliva and taste buds in mammals is evident; however, the localization patterns of each gut hormones and their cognitive receptors are diverse and not yet clearly defined for their roles. It has been certainly explored that gut hormones expressed in the oral cavity have potentials to functionate on the taste signaling...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 25, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Non-Malignant Blood Disorders and Their Impact on Oral Health: an Overview
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to summarize the literature on inherited hemoglobin and coagulation disorders, focusing on sickle cell disease (SCD), thalassemia, hemophilia, and von Willebrand disease (vWD), and their impact on oral health. Clinical dental management of patients with these conditions is also reviewed.Recent FindingsThere is no evident association between caries and SCD. Despite limited available studies, there may be a possible association between caries and thalassemia, which could relate to salivary changes in immunoglobulin A andStreptococcus mutans reported in these patients. Controversial r...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 23, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
The Microbiome of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: a Functional Perspective
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis decade has witnessed increasing interest in the potential role of the oral microbiome in head and neck cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Most studies have focused on the bacterial component of the microbiome (bacteriome), but the fungal component (mycobiome) is also receiving attention. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanisms by which the microbiome can contribute to oral carcinogenesis, and summarize results from clinical studies, especially focusing on those reporting functional microbiome analysis. Synthesizing and illustrating the evidence, we also sug...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 17, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Vitamin Status and Mineralized Tissue Formation
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewVitamins play important roles in bone health, and vitamin supplementation has been recommended to prevent osteoporosis and to reduce fracture risk in the elderly. However, the benefits of vitamin intake for bone health are still controversial. The aim of the review is to examine the relationship between vitamins and bone health and how vitamins function in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Recent FindingsA broad literature search with the PubMed database was performed. The results of human clinical studies are inconsistent due to differences in the study design, race, genetic factors, and the populat...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Aging, Mastication, and Malnutrition and Their Associations with Cognitive Disorder: Evidence from Epidemiological Data
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAs the world ’s population ages, the decline of cognitive function and dementia among elderly people are becoming serious problems. Cognitive impairment and dementia affect the quality of life and increase health care costs. Possible risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia include masticatory dysfun ction and malnutrition. Recent findings in epidemiological studies in which the associations of mastication and malnutrition with cognitive disorders in elderly people were investigated are described in this review.Recent FindingsThere have been several longitudinal studies and many cross-s...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Computational Analysis of Interactions of the Oral Microbiota
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe human oral microbiome is a complex site containing many hundreds of species with the community response of these species having a large effect on human health. The complexity of this site speaks to the need for applying -omics techniques to better understand which microbial species are present, their interactions and contribution to the microbiome, and how this may change as a function of disease. Here, I review several recent studies that use computational analysis to examine and model the oral microbiome and determine its role in human health.Recent FindingsSeveral studies have emerged in the...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Oral Health and Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecently published studies have provided new evidence for a role of oral health on risk of cancer. This review summarizes the latest research on this topic, including several new cohort studies that have examined associations on periodontal disease and cancer risk.Recent FindingsThe most consistent findings for associations with periodontal disease have been observed for lung cancer; five out of seven studies have reported statistically significant increases in risk of lung cancer. For pancreatic, colorectal, and head and neck cancers, the associations are less consistent across studies, and the ov...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 14, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPeriodontal disease and its associated systemic diseases have gained public attention due to their increasing global prevalence. Still, the gold standard for the management of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). However, bacterial recolonization is considered a limitation of this approach. Further, the efficacy of adjunctive agents such as antibiotics, antimicrobials, and probiotics has been investigated extensively. Nowadays, drug resistance development due to antibiotics and antimicrobials abuse has become a global problem and our concern. In order to reduce the spread of drug resist...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 14, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Recent Changes and Improvements in Multidisciplinary Perioperative Management From a Nutritional Perspective: Dental Specialty Should Be Considered Important
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecently, multidisciplinary strategies on accelerated recovery postoperatively have been provided, and management of the perioperative period has changed and improved dramatically. We summarize the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS ®) protocol and its outcomes from a nutritional perspective. We established the perioperative management center (PERiO), much of whose work contents conform to ERAS®, but intensive dental staff involvement is characteristic. We also summarize its outcomes.Recent FindingsERAS ® is a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to achieve early recovery for patien...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 14, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Poor Oral Health and Its Neurological Consequences: Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis Involvement in Cognitive Dysfunction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere is an increasing body of evidence from epidemiology and laboratory investigations demonstrating periodontal disease as a risk factor for dementia. In particular,Porphyromonas gingivalis infections in animal models suggest causal associations with Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). This review focuses on howP. gingivalis infections promote the incidence of functional loss in AD.Recent FindingsThe risk of the sporadic form of AD doubles when periodontitis persists for ten or more years. AD differs from other forms of dementia in that the clinical signs together with the presence of amyloid-beta (A β...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 10, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
Tooth Loss and Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlzheimer ’s disease (AD) is a major subtype of dementia. Recent cohort studies have demonstrated that loss of masticatory function, periodontitis, and/or tooth loss are risk factors for AD. The present review provides an overview of the existing literature as well as recent evidence regarding the relations hip between tooth loss and the onset of AD.Recent FindingsIn the dental field, tooth loss is one of the most relevant factors related to the prevalence of AD. This is important in a progressively elderly population because tooth loss is associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MC...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - April 7, 2019 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research
