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Deviations in Peripheral Blood Cell Populations are Associated with the Stage of Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Presence of Itching
AbstractTo evaluate the role of Th17, Treg cells, activated T CD3+ and B CD19+ lymphocytes in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. 40 female patients with PBC and 20 healthy donors were enrolled in this study. The percentages and absolute counts of Th17, Treg, activated T CD3+, B CD19+, NK, NKT-like lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry. Our research revealed significantly lower frequencies and absolute counts of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells (p <  0.0001), higher percentages and absolute counts of Th17 cells (IL-17A+CD3+CD4+;p <  0.0001 andp = 0.009, respectively), CD3−/CD16+CD56+ NK cells (p...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - June 27, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Differences in the Expression of TLR-2, NOD2, and NF- κB in Placenta Between Twins
AbstractDizygotic twins share the same type of genetic relationship as non-twin siblings. Whereas monozygotic (MZ) twins are considered to have identical genetic material, they still differ. There is a number of reasons for early MZ twin discordance, including differences in the in utero environment, stochasticity, genetic mosaicism, and epigenetic factors. During gestation, the efficient innate immune system is of utmost importance. Our study was based on immunohistochemical evaluation of the differences in innate immune protein expression (TLR-2, NOD2, and NF- κB) in the 95 placentas between twins. Our study revealed st...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - May 23, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Changes in MiRNA-5196 Expression as a Potential Biomarker of Anti-TNF- α Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
In this study, we analysed the expression level of sera circulating miRNA-5196 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients before and after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α therapy as biomarkers predicting positive treatment outcome. We enrolled 10 RA patients, 13 AS patients, and 12 healthy individuals in the study. The expression of miRNA-5196 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction before and after anti-TNF-α therapy. Disease activity of RA patients was assessed using disease activity score 28 (DAS28), whereas ankylosing spondylitis DAS (ASDAS) was used in AS patients. MiRNA-5196 ex...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - May 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Detection of 16 α-Hydroxyestrone-histone 1 Adduct as High-Affinity Antigen for Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoantibodies
AbstractIncreased concentrations of 16 α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the underlying mechanism of this remains elusive. Here we aimed to identify the role played by 16 α-OHE1 in RA. In 40 RA patients, the specificities of antibodies from the sera of these patients were checked by direct binding, inhibition ELISA, and quantitative precipitation titration. Competition ELISA was also used for the estimation of 16 α-OHE1 in the serum of different RA patients. RA IgG from a patient ’s sera showed strong recognition to 16α-OHE1-H1 (histone 1) adduct in comparison to contro...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - April 30, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Role of Chicoric Acid and 13- Cis Retinoic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Control by Human U937 Macrophage
In this study, we investigated the effects of 13-cis RA and CA on Mtb-infected macrophages using flowcytometry and Griess methods, respectively. Moreover, inhibitory effect of 13-cis RA and CA on Mtb growth within macrophages were assessed using colony-forming unit. 13-Cis RA and CA enhanced the cell surface expression of HLA-DR and CD14 molecules on U937 macrophages and prevented the growth of Mtb within macrophages. In addition, 13-cis RA and CA, have increased NO generation compared to untreated control macrophages, significantly (p <  0.001). Both drugs have a significant inhibitory effect on Mtb growth but CA a...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - April 27, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Microbial Endocrinology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Inflammatory and Immune Perspectives
AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen responsible for both acute and chronic infection. Known as a colonising pathogen of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, it is implicated in other settings such as bronchiectasis. It has the ability to cause acute disseminated or localised infection particularly in the immunocompromised. Human hormones have been highlighted as potential regulators of bacterial virulence through crosstalk between analogous “quorum sensing” (QS) systems present in the bacteria that respond to mammalian hormones.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to utilise interconnected QS systems to coordinate ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - March 14, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Bone Marrow Origin for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Muscular Dystrophies
AbstractMuscular dystrophies represent a group of diseases which may develop in several forms, and severity of the disease is usually associated with gene mutations. In skeletal muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies, both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved. The regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of bone marrow origin was confirmed by the ability to differentiate into diverse tissues and by their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties by secretion of a variety of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle comprises different types of stem/...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - March 13, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Intestinal Barrier Impairment and Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Advanced Late Presenters are Not Dependent on CD4 Recovery
AbstractDamage of the mucosal barrier in HIV infection, microbial translocation, and immune activation can persist even in patients on successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) especially advanced late presenters. The aim of this study was to find factors that determine immune activation and bacterial translocation in HIV-infected advanced late presenters on suppressive ART. Forty-three late presenters (CD4<  200 cells/µl prior to ART) on successful ART (more than 2 years of ART) with optimal and suboptimal CD4 recovery were enrolled into this study. The serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid-binding peptide (...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - February 21, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Adverse Effects Associated with Clinical Applications of CAR Engineered T Cells
AbstractCancer has been ranked as the second leading cause of death in the United States. To reduce cancer mortality, immunotherapy is gaining momentum among other therapeutic modalities, due to its impressive results in clinical trials. The genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are emerging as a new approach in cancer immunotherapy, with the most successful outcomes in the refractory/relapse hematologic malignancies. However, the widespread clinical applications are limited by adverse effects some of which are life-threatening. Strategies to reduce the chance of side effects as well a...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - February 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Humanized Mice as Unique Tools for Human-Specific Studies
AbstractWith an increasing human population, medical research is pushed to progress into an era of precision therapy. Humanized mice are at the very heart of this new forefront where it is acutely required to decipher human-specific disease pathogenesis and test an array of novel therapeutics. In this review, “humanized” mice are defined as immunodeficient mouse engrafted with functional human biological systems. Over the past decade, researchers have been conscientiously making improvements on the development of humanized mice as a model to closely recapitulate disease pathogenesis and drug mechanis ms in humans. Curr...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - February 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Phenomenon of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Vascular Diseases
This article summarizes current knowledge on the role of NETs during atherosclerosis, thrombosis and small-vessel vasculitis, especially in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated small-vessel vasculitis (AAV). (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis)
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - February 5, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Application of Genome Editing Techniques in Immunology
AbstractThe idea of using the effector immune cells to specifically fight cancer has recently evolved into an exciting concept of adoptive cell therapies. Indeed, genetically engineered T cells expressing on their surface recombinant, cancer-targeted receptors have been shown to induce promising response in oncological patients. However, in addition to exogenous expression of such receptors, there is also a need for disruption of certain genes in the immune cells to achieve more potent disease-targeted actions, to produce universal chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies or to study the signaling pathways in detail. In t...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - January 17, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Biomedical Research in Wroc ław: A Combined Density-Equalizing Mapping and Scientometric Analysis
AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the evolution of biomedical scientific activities of Wroc ław scientists in the post-war time when this field of academics was rebuilt by the works of Ludwik Hirszfeld and colleagues. Using the NewQIS platform and the Web of Science database, novel procedures such as density-equalizing mapping were combined to bibliometric tools to visualize scientific pr ogression. In total, 10,366 biomedical research articles originating from Wrocław were identified. Since 1972, there is a steady increase in research activity with the year 2015 holding the largest number of published items (8...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - January 3, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Thymus Colonization: Who, How, How Many?
AbstractDe novo generation of T cells depends on continual colonization of the thymus by bone marrow-derived progenitors. Thymus seeding progenitors (TSPs) constitute a heterogeneous population comprising multipotent and lineage-restricted cell types. Entry into the thymic microenvironment is tightly controlled and recent quantitative studies have revealed that the adult murine thymus only contains approximately 160 niches to accommodate TSPs. Of these niches only about 6% are open for seeding on average at steady-state. Here, I review the state of understanding of colonization of the adult murine thymus with a particular ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - December 29, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Soluble TREM-1 Serum Level can Early Predict Mortality of Patients with Sepsis, Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
AbstractEarly prognostic prediction of sepsis is essential in adjusting therapeutic protocols to prevent deterioration and reduce mortality. We compared the predictive value of the serum concentration of the soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) for 28-day mortality and for the development of severe sepsis or septic shock on the third day with the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). The study was conducted on 85 patients with sepsis. sTREM-1, CRP, PCT and IL-6 concentrations were measured upon study inclusion (day 0) and on days 1, 2, 3 and 5. APACHE ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - December 27, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research