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The Microbial Endocrinology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Inflammatory and Immune Perspectives
AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen responsible for both acute and chronic infection. Known as a colonising pathogen of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, it is implicated in other settings such as bronchiectasis. It has the ability to cause acute disseminated or localised infection particularly in the immunocompromised. Human hormones have been highlighted as potential regulators of bacterial virulence through crosstalk between analogous “quorum sensing” (QS) systems present in the bacteria that respond to mammalian hormones.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to utilise interconnected QS systems to coordinate ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Bone Marrow Origin for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Muscular Dystrophies
AbstractMuscular dystrophies represent a group of diseases which may develop in several forms, and severity of the disease is usually associated with gene mutations. In skeletal muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies, both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved. The regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of bone marrow origin was confirmed by the ability to differentiate into diverse tissues and by their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties by secretion of a variety of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle comprises different types of stem/...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Transplant Tolerance: Current Insights and Strategies for Long-Term Survival of Xenografts
AbstractXenotransplantation is an attractive solution to the problem of allograft shortage. However, transplants across discordant species barriers are subject to vigorous immunologic and pathobiologic hurdles, some of which might be overcome with the induction of immunologic tolerance. Several strategies have been designed to induce tolerance to a xenograft at both the central (including induction of mixed chimerism and thymic transplantation) and peripheral (including adoptive transfer of regulatory cells and blocking T cell costimulation) levels. Currently, xenograft tolerance has been well-established in rodent models,...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Detection of 16 α-Hydroxyestrone-histone 1 Adduct as High-Affinity Antigen for Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoantibodies
AbstractIncreased concentrations of 16 α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the underlying mechanism of this remains elusive. Here we aimed to identify the role played by 16 α-OHE1 in RA. In 40 RA patients, the specificities of antibodies from the sera of these patients were checked by direct binding, inhibition ELISA, and quantitative precipitation titration. Competition ELISA was also used for the estimation of 16 α-OHE1 in the serum of different RA patients. RA IgG from a patient ’s sera showed strong recognition to 16α-OHE1-H1 (histone 1) adduct in comparison to contro...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Role of Chicoric Acid and 13- Cis Retinoic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Control by Human U937 Macrophage
In this study, we investigated the effects of 13-cis RA and CA on Mtb-infected macrophages using flowcytometry and Griess methods, respectively. Moreover, inhibitory effect of 13-cis RA and CA on Mtb growth within macrophages were assessed using colony-forming unit. 13-Cis RA and CA enhanced the cell surface expression of HLA-DR and CD14 molecules on U937 macrophages and prevented the growth of Mtb within macrophages. In addition, 13-cis RA and CA, have increased NO generation compared to untreated control macrophages, significantly (p <  0.001). Both drugs have a significant inhibitory effect on Mtb growth but CA a...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Changes in MiRNA-5196 Expression as a Potential Biomarker of Anti-TNF- α Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
In this study, we analysed the expression level of sera circulating miRNA-5196 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients before and after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α therapy as biomarkers predicting positive treatment outcome. We enrolled 10 RA patients, 13 AS patients, and 12 healthy individuals in the study. The expression of miRNA-5196 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction before and after anti-TNF-α therapy. Disease activity of RA patients was assessed using disease activity score 28 (DAS28), whereas ankylosing spondylitis DAS (ASDAS) was used in AS patients. MiRNA-5196 ex...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - October 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Precision/Personalized Medicine in Allergic Diseases and Asthma
AbstractLike many other chronic diseases, every allergic patient has different characteristics based on clinical course, treatment responsiveness and disease outcomes, which are associated with the genetic and epigenetic control of molecular mechanisms and environment. This variability necessitates the establishment of patient-tailored and precision approaches in handling allergic disorders. Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of allergic disorders will provide more rationale strategies based on individual cases in controlling and treating these disorders. Endotyping, ph...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 24, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Cellular Interactions in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche
AbstractEpithelial cells are one of the most actively cycling cells in a mammalian organism and therefore are prone to malignant transformation. Already during organogenesis, the connective tissue (mesenchyme) provides instructive signals for the epithelium. In an adult organism, the mesenchyme is believed to provide crucial regulatory signals for the maintenance and regeneration of epithelial cells. Here, we discuss the role of intestinal myofibroblasts, α-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal (mesenchymal) cells, as an important regulatory part of the intestinal stem cell niche. Better understanding of the cross-talk bet...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 21, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Role of Monocytes in the Pathogenesis of Dengue
AbstractDiseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) are a major public health problem worldwide, considered one of the infections with more prevalence in tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Despite the intense research in the pathogenesis of DENV, this feature is not well understood. One of the main target cells for DENV infection is monocytes; these phagocytes can play a dual role, since they are essential to control viremia, but they also participate in the induction of tissue damage during DENV infection. Monocytes produce different pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to infection, and also mediate...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 20, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

TLR2 Expression on Leukemic B Cells from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
In this study, we investigated the potential role of TLR2 in CLL by analyzing its expression on leukemic B cells in correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters characterizing disease activity and patients ’ immune status. We assessed the frequencies of TLR2+/CD19+ cells by the flow cytometry method in peripheral blood of 119 patients with CLL. The percentage of TLR2+/CD19+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CLL as compared to the healthy volunteers. There was also a lower percentage of TLR2+/CD19+ cells in CLL patients with poor prognostic factors, such as ZAP70 and/or CD38 expression, 17p and/or 11q ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 8, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Manipulation of Non-canonical NF- κB Signaling by Non-oncogenic Viruses
AbstractNuclear factor (NF)- κB is a major regulator of antiviral response. Viral pathogens exploit NF-κB activation pathways to avoid cellular mechanisms that eliminate the infection. Canonical (classical) NF-κB signaling, which regulates innate immune response, cell survival and inflammation, is often manipulated by viral pathogens that can counteract antiviral response. Oncogenic viruses can modulate not only canonical, but also non-canonical (alternative) NF-κB activation pathways. The non-canonical NF-κB signaling is responsible for adaptive immunity and plays a role in lymphoid organogenesis, B cell development ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 8, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research