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TLR2 Expression on Leukemic B Cells from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
In this study, we investigated the potential role of TLR2 in CLL by analyzing its expression on leukemic B cells in correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters characterizing disease activity and patients ’ immune status. We assessed the frequencies of TLR2+/CD19+ cells by the flow cytometry method in peripheral blood of 119 patients with CLL. The percentage of TLR2+/CD19+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CLL as compared to the healthy volunteers. There was also a lower percentage of TLR2+/CD19+ cells in CLL patients with poor prognostic factors, such as ZAP70 and/or CD38 expression, 17p and/or 11q ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - September 8, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn ’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex chronic inflammatory condition of the human gut of unknown causes. Traditionally, dysregulated adaptive immune responses are thought to play a major role; however, accumulating evidence suggests that innate immunity also contributes to this process. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently identified important components of innate immunity. They have critical roles in immunity, tissue development and remodeling. Numerous researchers have linked ILCs to the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we describe recent prog...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 29, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Celiac Disease Autoimmunity
AbstractCeliac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by the ingestion of gluten, the protein fraction of wheat, barley and rye. It is not simply an intestinal disease; it is multifactorial caused by many different genetic factors acting together with non-genetic causes. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is a polygenic disorder for which the major histocompatibility complex locus is the most important genetic factor, and is the result of an immune response to self-antigens leading to tissue destruction and the autoantibodies production. Celiac disease exemplifies how an illness can have autoimmune-...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 25, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systemic Treatment for Severe Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory, relapsing disease of the skin, characterized by intense pruritus, maculopapular or vesicular erythematous lesions and scaling, sometimes accompanied by oozing, crusts and/or lichenification that has a negative impact on patients ’ quality of life. Prevalence is higher in children, around 15%, and approximately 5% in adults. Before introducing systemic therapy, it is mandatory to review patients’ adherence to the correct use of topical treatments (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors or cresoborole) and/or phototherap y. Ensure that environmental measures are ...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 22, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Baicalin Attenuates Joint Pain and Muscle Dysfunction by Inhibiting Muscular Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Osteoarthritis Rat Model
In this study, we evaluated the potential effects of baicalin on osteoarthritis. We established experimental osteoarthritis rat model, applied baicalin to the rats, and then explored the potential protective effect of baicalin on osteoarthritis severity, muscle dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Baicalin alleviated severity of OA in rats. Baicalin application attenuated muscle dysfunction in OA rats by increasing citrate synthase activity, myosin heavy chain IIa expression, and decreasing interleukin 6 production. Baicalin decreased muscular reactive oxygen species generation in OA rats. Baicalin inhibited nuclear factor e...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 3, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Intestinal Barrier Impairment and Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Advanced Late Presenters are Not Dependent on CD4 Recovery
AbstractDamage of the mucosal barrier in HIV infection, microbial translocation, and immune activation can persist even in patients on successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) especially advanced late presenters. The aim of this study was to find factors that determine immune activation and bacterial translocation in HIV-infected advanced late presenters on suppressive ART. Forty-three late presenters (CD4<  200 cells/µl prior to ART) on successful ART (more than 2 years of ART) with optimal and suboptimal CD4 recovery were enrolled into this study. The serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid-binding peptide (...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Variation of Regulatory T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Children with Allergic Rhinitis
In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the percentages of CD8+Tregs and CD4+Tregs T cells were significantly decreased in children with AR. This suggests that decreased Treg cells might represent a defect in the compartment of T-cell population in children with AR. Further studies are warranted to fully appreciate the clinical relevance of Tregs in children with AR. (Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis)
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Are We Right to Consider Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Be a New Perspective for Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of chronic arthritis in childhood. Up to 50% of patients are resistant to standard therapy, which includes non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologic therapies. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is proposed as a new approach to JIA treatment. MSCs can modulate inflammation via mechanisms of both adaptive and innate immune response. They are able to inhibit T and B cell proliferation, promote regulatory T cells, suppress the maturation of dendritic cells, stimulate macr...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Adverse Effects Associated with Clinical Applications of CAR Engineered T Cells
AbstractCancer has been ranked as the second leading cause of death in the United States. To reduce cancer mortality, immunotherapy is gaining momentum among other therapeutic modalities, due to its impressive results in clinical trials. The genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are emerging as a new approach in cancer immunotherapy, with the most successful outcomes in the refractory/relapse hematologic malignancies. However, the widespread clinical applications are limited by adverse effects some of which are life-threatening. Strategies to reduce the chance of side effects as well a...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - August 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Transplant Tolerance: Current Insights and Strategies for Long-Term Survival of Xenografts
AbstractXenotransplantation is an attractive solution to the problem of allograft shortage. However, transplants across discordant species barriers are subject to vigorous immunologic and pathobiologic hurdles, some of which might be overcome with the induction of immunologic tolerance. Several strategies have been designed to induce tolerance to a xenograft at both the central (including induction of mixed chimerism and thymic transplantation) and peripheral (including adoptive transfer of regulatory cells and blocking T cell costimulation) levels. Currently, xenograft tolerance has been well-established in rodent models,...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - July 10, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Mediator Complex Subunit 13-like ( Med13L ) Gene in the Context of Immune Function and Development of Experimental Arthritis
AbstractThe Mediator complex subunit 13-like (MED13L) protein is part of the multi-protein mediator complex and plays an important role in gene transcription. Polymorphisms in theMED13L gene have been linked to congenital heart anomalies and intellectual disabilities. Despite recent evidence of indirect links of MED13L to cytokine release and inflammation, impact of genetic variations inMED13L on immune cells remains unexplored. The B10.RIII and RIIIS/J mouse strains vary in susceptibility to induced experimental autoimmune disease models. From sequencing data of the two mouse strains, we identified six polymorphisms in th...
Source: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - June 27, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research