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The need for culture in tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis in Bolivia: a comparative evaluation of four parasitological techniques using two sampling methods
In conclusion: (i) scraping samples proved more suitable for the diagnosis of TL as they increased analytical sensitivity, are less traumatic for the patient and are safer for laboratory personnel than aspirates; (ii) culture, mainly in TSBT medium, should be used for the diagnosis of TL due to its high sensitivity (doubling the number of cases diagnosed by DPE) and its low cost compared to other culture media.PMID:38065375 | DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107092 (Source: Acta Tropica)
Source: Acta Tropica - December 8, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mary Cruz Torrico Cristina Ballart Anna Fern ández-Arévalo Marco Solano Ernesto Rojas Alba Abras Fabiola Gonzales Yercin Mamani Albert Arnau Daniel Lozano Joaquim Gasc ón Albert Picado Faustino Torrico Carmen Mu ñoz Montserrat G állego Source Type: research

Mountains of research: Where and whom high-altitude physiology has overlooked
J Physiol. 2023 Dec 8. doi: 10.1113/JP285454. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh altitude is a natural setting in which to study human acclimatization and adaptation. Here, I identify where and in whom high-altitude physiology research has occurred. There has been a mismatch between countries with large high-altitude populations vs. where high-altitude research has been conducted. From 1970 to 2020, 83% of high-altitude physiology research took place in just seven countries: Nepal, China, USA, Peru, India, Bolivia and Italy. Collectively, these countries account for only 35% of the global population living above 2500 m. Fu...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - December 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Joshua C Tremblay Source Type: research

Characterization of children's verbal input in a forager ‐farmer population using long‐form audio recordings and diverse input definitions
We report on an ecologically-valid analysis of speech experienced over the course of a day by young children (N = 24, 6–58 months old, 33% female) in a forager-horticulturalist population of lowland Bolivia. A permissive definition of input (i.e., including overlapping, background, and non-linguistic vocalizations) leads to massive changes in terms of input quantity, including a quadrupling of the estim ate for overall input compared to a restrictive definition (only near and clear speech), while who talked to and around a focal child is relatively stable across input definitions. We discuss implications of these resu...
Source: Infancy - November 29, 2023 Category: Child Development Authors: Camila Scaff, Marisa Casillas, Jonathan Stieglitz, Alejandrina Cristia Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

The effect of El Ni ño and La Niña episodes on the existing niche and potential distribution of vector and host species of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Acta Trop. 2023 Nov 8:107060. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107060. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by a protozoan parasite through sandfly vectors and multiple vertebrate hosts. The Pan American Health Organization reported a declining trend in cases, with Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Nicaragua, and Bolivia having the most cases in 2020. There are still knowledge gaps in transmission and the parasite-host relationship. Ecological niche modeling has been used to study host-vector relationships, disease dynamics, and the impact of climate change. Understanding these aspec...
Source: Acta Tropica - November 10, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Juli án Ávila-Jiménez Juan David Guti érrez Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra Source Type: research

Social acceptance, emissions analysis and potential applications of paper-waste briquettes in Andean areas
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 8:117609. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117609. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe research assessed waste-based briquettes consumption compared to conventional fuels in the Andes. Laboratory tests were conducted together with on-field analysis in Colquencha (Bolivia). The laboratory study shows that the performances of briquettes are better in terms of PM2.5 (933.4 ± 50.8 mg kg-1) and CO emissions (22.89 ± 2.40 g kg-1) compared to animal dung (6265.7 ± 1273.5 mgPM2.5 kg-1 and 48.10 ± 12.50 gCO kg-1), although the boiling time increased due to the lower fuel consumption rate and firepower. The social ...
Source: Environmental Research - November 10, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Iris Jabneel Calle Mendoza Marcelo Antonio Gorritty Portillo Jazmin Gidari Ruiz Mayta Jose Luis Alanoca Limachi Vincenzo Torretta Navarro Ferronato Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 20, Pages 7023: Female Leadership during COVID-19: The Effectiveness of Diverse Approaches towards Mitigation Management during a Pandemic
eboly This paper tackles the question of how female leaders at national levels of government managed COVID-19 response and recovery from the first COVID-19 case in their respective countries through to 30 September 2021. The aim of this study was to determine which COVID-19 mitigations were effective in lowering the viral reproduction rate and number of new cases (per million) in each of the fourteen female presidents&rsquo; countries&mdash;Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bolivia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Serbia, and Taiwan. We first compared these coun...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - November 6, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Esra Ozdenerol Rebecca Michelle Bingham-Byrne Jacob Seboly Tags: Article Source Type: research

Prevalence of Persons with Disability Enrolled in Undergraduate Medical Schools in Brazil, 2019
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PWD medical students in Brazil is low, and is dominated by students with physical and sensory disabilities but lacks the deaf-blind. Despite the existence of legal regulations favoring PWD to study medicine, some medical schools have not done adequate adjustments to accommodate them. This suggests that affirmative policies for the inclusion of PWD in higher education, particularly in medicine, still need improvement.PMID:37901758 | PMC:PMC10611937 | DOI:10.30476/JAMP.2023.99332.1840 (Source: Adv Data)
Source: Adv Data - October 30, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Maria Nascimento Rhian Torres Amanda Horochovski Bruno Birmann Bruno Takahara Luis Souza Klynsman Ribeiro Billy McBenedict Source Type: research

Retrospective analysis of outcomes for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in South American centers
This study retrospectively reviewed demographic, biological, and clinical parameters of children under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed ALL presenting between 2013-2017 across five pediatric centers in 4 countries in South America. Survival analyses were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsAcross the five centers, 752 patients were analyzed (Bolivia [N=9], Ecuador [N=221], Paraguay [N=197], Peru [N=325]) and 92.1% (n=690) patients were diagnosed with B-cell and 7.5% (n= 56) with T-cell ALL. The median age was 5.5 years old (IQR 7.29). At diagnosis, 47.8% of patients were categorized as standard and 51.9% as ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - October 30, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

South American Hemorrhagic Fever viruses and the cutting edge of the vaccine and antiviral development
Uirusu. 2022;72(1):7-18. doi: 10.2222/jsv.72.7.ABSTRACTSouth American Hemorrhagic Fever is caused by the Arenavirus, which belong to the Family Arenaviridae, genus mammarenavirus, infection at South America. South American Hemorrhagic Fever includes 1. Argentinian Hemorrhagic fever caused by Junin virus, 2. Brazilian hemorrhagic fever caused by Sabia virus, 3. Venezuelan Hemorrhagic fever caused by Guanarito virus, 4. Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever caused by Machupo virus, and 5. Unassigned hemorrhagic fever caused by Chapare virus. These viruses are classified in New World (NW) Arenavirus, which is different from Old World Ar...
Source: Uirusu. Journal of Virology - October 29, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Meion Lee Takaaki Koma Masaharu Iwasaki Shuzo Urata Source Type: research