Growth differentiation factor ‐15 and the effect of empagliflozin in heart failure: Findings from the EMPEROR program

ConclusionsGrowth differentiation factor-15 is a marker of worse heart failure severity, is an independent predictor of major heart failure outcomes and may be associated with more pronounced benefits of empagliflozin. GDF-15 is increased among metformin users, and empagliflozin was associated with an increase in GDF-15 levels, primarily in patients not receiving metformin.

Source: European Journal of Heart Failure - November 23, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jo ão Pedro Ferreira, Milton Packer, Javed Butler, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stuart J. Pocock, James L. Januzzi, Naveed Sattar, Sandra González Maldonado, Marina Panova‐Noeva, Mikhail Sumin, Serge Masson, Stefan D. Anker, Faiez Zannad Tags: Research Article Source Type: research