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Divergences in color perception between deep neural networks and humans
Cognition. 2023 Sep 14;241:105621. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105621. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDeep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly proposed as models of human vision, bolstered by their impressive performance on image classification and object recognition tasks. Yet, the extent to which DNNs capture fundamental aspects of human vision such as color perception remains unclear. Here, we develop novel experiments for evaluating the perceptual coherence of color embeddings in DNNs, and we assess how well these algorithms predict human color similarity judgments collected via an online survey. We find that stat...
Source: Cognition - September 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Ethan O Nadler Elise Darragh-Ford Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan Christian Conaway Mark Chu Tasker Hull Douglas Guilbeault Source Type: research
Mechanisms, methods and applications of machine learning in bio-alcohol production and utilization: A review
This article reviews the mechanisms, methods, and applications of ML in the bio-alcohols field. In terms of mechanisms, we describe the workflow of ML applications, emphasizing the importance of a well-defined research problem and complete feature engineering for a robust model. Prediction and optimization are the main application scenarios. In terms of methods, we illustrate the characteristics of different ML models and analyze their applicability in the bio-alcohol field. The role of ML in the production of bio-methanol by pyrolysis and gasification, as well as in the three stages of fermentation for bioethanol producti...
Source: Chemosphere - September 16, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chen Wang Xuemeng Zhang Guohua Zhao Yinguang Chen Source Type: research
Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators' Experiences
Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.PMID:37715626 | DOI:10.1177/00084174231201703
Source: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - September 16, 2023 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Shaminder K Dhillon Sandra E Moll Magda Stroinska Patricia E Solomon Source Type: research
A Model of the Home Literacy Environment and Family Risk of Reading Difficulty in Relation to Children's Preschool Emergent Literacy
This study extends the research on the preschool home literacy environment (HLE) in the context of the family risk (FR) of reading disability (RD) by examining a multiple-deficit model of RD. A total of 1171 six-year-old children were assessed at school entry, the onset of formal reading instruction in Norway. Their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their own RD, education, and the HLE. The final sample after applying the inclusion criteria was 794 children and their parents. The findings suggest, first, that two HLE factors (access to print and reading-related activities) should be distinguished rather than trea...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - September 16, 2023 Category: Disability Authors: Sara Esmaeeli Source Type: research
Microbiology of fermented soy foods in Asia: Can we learn lessons for production of plant cheese analogues?
Int J Food Microbiol. 2023 Sep 12;407:110399. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110399. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe food industry is facing the challenge of creating innovative, nutritious, and flavored plant-based products, due to consumer's increasing demand for the health and environmental sustainability. Fermentation as a unique and effective tool plays an important role in the innovation of food products. Traditional fermented soy foods are popular in many Asian and African countries as nutritious, digestible and flavorful daily staples or condiments. They are produced by specific microorganisms with the unique fe...
Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology - September 16, 2023 Category: Food Science Authors: Jin Xie Michael G änzle Source Type: research
An interval water demand prediction method to reduce uncertainty: A case study of Sichuan Province, China
In this study, we constructed a GA-BP-KDE hybrid interval water demand prediction model by combining non-parametric estimation and point prediction. Multiple metaheuristic algorithms were used to optimize the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BP) and Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) network structures. The performance of the water demand point prediction models was compared by the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), computation time, and fitness convergence curves. The kernel density estimation method (KDE) and the normal distribution method were used to...
Source: Environmental Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Xinyu Xia Bin Liu Rui Tian Zuli He Suyue Han Ke Pan Jingjing Yang Yiting Zhang Source Type: research
Data-driven supervised machine learning to predict the mechanical response of porous polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin hydrogels subjected to compressive loading and analysis of their microstructural properties: Employing design of experiments
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 14:126906. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126906. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to design and evaluate a series of porous hydrogels by considering three independent variables using the Box-Behnken method. Accordingly, concentrations of the constituent macromolecules of the hydrogels, Polyvinyl Alcohol and Gelatin, and concentration of the crosslinking agent are varied to fabricate sixteen different porous samples utilizing the lyophilization process. Subsequently, the porous hydrogels are subjected to a battery of tests, including Fourier Transform Infrared spectrosc...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 16, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ali Khalvandi Lobat Tayebi Saeed Kamarian Saeed Saber-Samandari Jung-Il Song Source Type: research
Amisulpride attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced cognitive deficits via modulating hippocampal Wnt/GSK-3 β/β-catenin signaling in Wistar rats
This study aimed at investigating the effects of chronic treatment with amisulpride (5 mg/kg/day) in the management of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cognitive deficits in Wistar rats. Rats received 5 intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (25 mg/kg every 3 days). 5-FU treatment induced impairments in spatial learning (reduction in object location discrimination ratio) and non-spatial learning (reduction in novel object recognition discrimination ratio). Moreover, 5-FU induced a decrease in the activity of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway with a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus. Th...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - September 16, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Radwa S Raafat Mohamed Z Habib Amany A AbdElfattah Nouran K Olama Sahar M Abdelraouf Nevien Hendawy Khaled A Kamal Salwa A Nawishy Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh Source Type: research
Mechanisms, methods and applications of machine learning in bio-alcohol production and utilization: A review
This article reviews the mechanisms, methods, and applications of ML in the bio-alcohols field. In terms of mechanisms, we describe the workflow of ML applications, emphasizing the importance of a well-defined research problem and complete feature engineering for a robust model. Prediction and optimization are the main application scenarios. In terms of methods, we illustrate the characteristics of different ML models and analyze their applicability in the bio-alcohol field. The role of ML in the production of bio-methanol by pyrolysis and gasification, as well as in the three stages of fermentation for bioethanol producti...
Source: Chemosphere - September 16, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chen Wang Xuemeng Zhang Guohua Zhao Yinguang Chen Source Type: research
A Model of the Home Literacy Environment and Family Risk of Reading Difficulty in Relation to Children's Preschool Emergent Literacy
This study extends the research on the preschool home literacy environment (HLE) in the context of the family risk (FR) of reading disability (RD) by examining a multiple-deficit model of RD. A total of 1171 six-year-old children were assessed at school entry, the onset of formal reading instruction in Norway. Their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their own RD, education, and the HLE. The final sample after applying the inclusion criteria was 794 children and their parents. The findings suggest, first, that two HLE factors (access to print and reading-related activities) should be distinguished rather than trea...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - September 16, 2023 Category: Disability Authors: Sara Esmaeeli Source Type: research
Constructing phylogenetic networks via cherry picking and machine learning
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the existing exact methods, our heuristics are applicable to datasets of practical size, and the experimental study we conducted on both simulated and real data shows that these solutions are qualitatively good, always within some small constant factor from the optimum. Moreover, our machine-learned heuristics are one of the first applications of machine learning to phylogenetics and show its promise.PMID:37717003 | DOI:10.1186/s13015-023-00233-3
Source: Algorithms for Molecular Biology : AMB - September 16, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Giulia Bernardini Leo van Iersel Esther Julien Leen Stougie Source Type: research
Prediction of survival and immunotherapy response by the combined classifier of G protein-coupled receptors and tumor microenvironment in melanoma
CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a GPCR-TME classifier that could predict the OS and immunotherapy response of patients with melanoma highly effectively based on multi-omics analysis.PMID:37716991 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-023-01346-6
Source: Cell Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Kangjie Shen Qiangcheng Wang Lu Wang Yang Yang Min Ren Yanlin Li Zixu Gao Shaoluan Zheng Yiteng Ding Jiani Ji Chenlu Wei Tianyi Zhang Yu Zhu Jia Feng Feng Qin Yanwen Yang Chuanyuan Wei Jianying Gu Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Modeling in Drug Discovery and Development: An Innovation & amp; Quality (IQ) Consortium Perspective on Use Cases and Best Practices
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3053. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have ushered in a new era of possibilities across various scientific domains. One area where these advancements hold significant promise is model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3). To foster a wider adoption and acceptance of these advanced algorithms, the Innovation & Quality (IQ) Consortium initiated the AI/ML working group (WG) in 2021 with the aim of promoting their acceptance among the broader scientific community as well as by regulatory...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 16, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia Terranova Didier Renard Mohamed H Shahin Sujatha Menon Youfang Cao Cornelis E C A Hop Sean Hayes Kumpal Madrasi Sven Stodtmann Thomas Tensfeldt Pavan Vaddady Nicholas Ellinwood James Lu Source Type: research
Evaluation of a pilot to introduce simulated learning activities to support speech and language therapy students' clinical development
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Student experience of simulation was positive. One of the key elements students found to support their clinical skills was the importance of the safe space; support for learning instead of correction led them to engage in active learning. Key barriers to simulation related to having sufficient prior knowledge, the skills of the facilitator, group size and the wider learning landscape of the programme. In response to this pilot, there are plans to continue developing this model of simulation and embed simulation across the programme, led by a sound pedagogical approach with clear preparation and ...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - September 16, 2023 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Emma Ormerod Claire Mitchell Source Type: research
Prediction of survival and immunotherapy response by the combined classifier of G protein-coupled receptors and tumor microenvironment in melanoma
CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a GPCR-TME classifier that could predict the OS and immunotherapy response of patients with melanoma highly effectively based on multi-omics analysis.PMID:37716991 | PMC:PMC10504724 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-023-01346-6
Source: Cell Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Kangjie Shen Qiangcheng Wang Lu Wang Yang Yang Min Ren Yanlin Li Zixu Gao Shaoluan Zheng Yiteng Ding Jiani Ji Chenlu Wei Tianyi Zhang Yu Zhu Jia Feng Feng Qin Yanwen Yang Chuanyuan Wei Jianying Gu Source Type: research
