Revisiting causal pluralism: Intention, process, and dependency in cases of double prevention
Cognition. 2024 Apr 16;248:105786. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105786. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCausal pluralism proposes that humans can reason about causes and effects in terms of both dependency and process relations, depending on the scenario. Support for this view is provided by responses to double prevention scenarios in which an affector attempts to bring about an outcome, a preventer attempts to prevent the outcome, and a double preventer intervenes to stop the preventer's prevention attempt. Previous research indicates that reasoners award the affector high causal ratings regardless of whether their action ...
Source: Cognition - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Huseina Thanawala Christopher D Erb Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm
Cognition. 2024 Apr 9;247:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a ...
Source: Cognition - April 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Mengqiao Chai Clay B Holroyd Marcel Brass Senne Braem Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm
Cognition. 2024 Apr 9;247:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a ...
Source: Cognition - April 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Mengqiao Chai Clay B Holroyd Marcel Brass Senne Braem Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm
Cognition. 2024 Apr 9;247:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a ...
Source: Cognition - April 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Mengqiao Chai Clay B Holroyd Marcel Brass Senne Braem Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm
Cognition. 2024 Apr 9;247:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a ...
Source: Cognition - April 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Mengqiao Chai Clay B Holroyd Marcel Brass Senne Braem Source Type: research
Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm
Cognition. 2024 Apr 9;247:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a ...
Source: Cognition - April 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Mengqiao Chai Clay B Holroyd Marcel Brass Senne Braem Source Type: research
Illusions of knowledge due to mere repetition
Cognition. 2024 Apr 8;247:105791. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105791. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRepeating information increases people's belief that the repeated information is true. This truth effect has been widely researched and is relevant for topics such as fake news and misinformation. Another effect of repetition, which is also relevant to those topics, has not been extensively studied so far: Do people believe they knew something before it was repeated? We used a standard truth effect paradigm in four pre-registered experiments (total N = 773), including a presentation and judgment phase. However, instead of ...
Source: Cognition - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Felix Speckmann Christian Unkelbach Source Type: research
Tell me your (cognitive) budget, and I'll tell you what you value
We present results of four experiments (N = 1323) in the domain of social categories that provide evidence in keeping with these predictions.PMID:38593569 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105782 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: David Kinney Tania Lombrozo Source Type: research
Three key questions to move towards a theoretical framework of visuospatial perspective taking
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105787. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhat would a theory of visuospatial perspective taking (VSPT) look like? Here, ten researchers in the field, many with different theoretical viewpoints and empirical approaches, present their consensus on the three big questions we need to answer in order to bring this theory (or these theories) closer.PMID:38583320 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Steven Samuel Thorsten M Erle Louise P Kirsch Andrew Surtees Ian Apperly Henryk Bukowski Malika Auvray Caroline Catmur Klaus Kessler Francois Quesque Source Type: research
Cognitive offloading is value-based decision making: Modelling cognitive effort and the expected value of memory
This article presents a simple computational model based on two principles: A) items stored in brain-based memory occupy its limited capacity, generating an opportunity cost; B) reminders incur a small physical-action cost, but capacity is effectively unlimited. These costs are balanced against the value of remembering, which determines the optimal strategy. Simulations reproduce many empirical findings, including: 1) preferential offloading of high-value items; 2) increased offloading at higher memory loads; 3) offloading can cause forgetting of offloaded items ('Google effect') but 4) improved memory for other items ('sa...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sam J Gilbert Source Type: research
Working memory capacity for continuous events: The root of temporal compression in episodic memory?
In this study, we evaluated whether such temporal compression emerges when continuous events are too long to be fully held in working memory. To do so, we asked 90 young adults to watch and mentally replay video clips showing people performing a continuous action (e.g., turning a car jack) that lasted 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 s. For each clip, participants had to carefully watch the event and then to mentally replay it as accurately and precisely as possible. Results showed that mental replay durations increased with event duration but in a non-linear manner: they were close to the actual event duration for short videos (3-9 s),...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathan Leroy Steve Majerus Arnaud D'Argembeau Source Type: research
Category Locality Theory: A unified account of locality effects in sentence comprehension
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105766. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105766. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn real-time sentence comprehension, the comprehender is often required to establish syntactic dependencies between words that are linearly distant. Major models of sentence comprehension assume that longer dependencies are more difficult to process because of working memory limitations. While the expected effect of distance on reading times (locality effect) has been robustly observed in certain constructions, such as relative clauses in English, its generalizability to a wider range of constructions has been empirically ...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinnosuke Isono Source Type: research
Me or we? Action-outcome learning in synchronous joint action
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105785. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal-directed behaviour requires mental representations that encode instrumental relationships between actions and their outcomes. The present study investigated how people acquire representations of joint actions where co-actors perform synchronized action contributions to produce joint outcomes in the environment. Adapting an experimental procedure to assess individual action-outcome learning, we tested whether co-acting individuals link jointly produced action outcomes to individual-level features of their own action co...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maximilian Marschner David Dignath G ünther Knoblich Source Type: research
Three key questions to move towards a theoretical framework of visuospatial perspective taking
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105787. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhat would a theory of visuospatial perspective taking (VSPT) look like? Here, ten researchers in the field, many with different theoretical viewpoints and empirical approaches, present their consensus on the three big questions we need to answer in order to bring this theory (or these theories) closer.PMID:38583320 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Steven Samuel Thorsten M Erle Louise P Kirsch Andrew Surtees Ian Apperly Henryk Bukowski Malika Auvray Caroline Catmur Klaus Kessler Francois Quesque Source Type: research
Cognitive offloading is value-based decision making: Modelling cognitive effort and the expected value of memory
This article presents a simple computational model based on two principles: A) items stored in brain-based memory occupy its limited capacity, generating an opportunity cost; B) reminders incur a small physical-action cost, but capacity is effectively unlimited. These costs are balanced against the value of remembering, which determines the optimal strategy. Simulations reproduce many empirical findings, including: 1) preferential offloading of high-value items; 2) increased offloading at higher memory loads; 3) offloading can cause forgetting of offloaded items ('Google effect') but 4) improved memory for other items ('sa...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sam J Gilbert Source Type: research
