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Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (soc...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Abstract Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (sociodemographic characteristics, depression) and intermediary (health...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - December 6, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Kim ES, Hagan KA, Grodstein F, DeMeo DL, De Vivo I, Kubzansky LD Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Potentially Preventable Deaths Among the Five Leading Causes of Death - United States, 2010 and 2014.
Abstract Death rates by specific causes vary across the 50 states and the District of Columbia.* Information on differences in rates for the leading causes of death among states might help state health officials determine prevention goals, priorities, and strategies. CDC analyzed National Vital Statistics System data to provide national and state-specific estimates of potentially preventable deaths among the five leading causes of death in 2014 and compared these estimates with estimates previously published for 2010. Compared with 2010, the estimated number of potentially preventable deaths changed (supplemental ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 17, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: García MC, Bastian B, Rossen LM, Anderson R, Miniño A, Yoon PW, Faul M, Massetti G, Thomas CC, Hong Y, Iademarco MF Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Examining the Long-Term Association of Personality With Cause-Specific Mortality in London: Four Decades of Mortality Surveillance in the Original Whitehall Smoking Cessation Trial
The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospective Whitehall Study (1967–2012), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to 832 male self-declared smokers who had undergone a medical examination during which their levels of extraversion and neuroticism were quantified. In the 42-year follow-up period, there were 781 deaths. In analyse...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - September 13, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty, G. D., Jokela, M., Kivimaki, M., Shipley, M. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Examining the Long-Term Association of Personality With Cause-Specific Mortality in London: Four Decades of Mortality Surveillance in the Original Whitehall Smoking Cessation Trial.
Abstract The personality domains of extraversion and neuroticism are regarded as being stable individual psychological characteristics, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with chronic disease over an extended period of time. In a randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation nested within the original prospective Whitehall Study (1967-2012), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to 832 male self-declared smokers who had undergone a medical examination during which their levels of extraversion and neuroticism were quantified. In the 42-year follow-up period, there were 781 deaths...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - August 31, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty GD, Jokela M, Kivimaki M, Shipley M Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

State and Local Comprehensive Smoke-Free Laws for Worksites, Restaurants, and Bars - United States, 2015.
This report updates a previous CDC report that evaluated state smoke-free laws in effect from 2000-2010 (3), and estimates the proportion of the population protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws. The number of states, including the District of Columbia (DC), with comprehensive smoke-free laws (statutes that prohibit smoking in indoor areas of worksites, restaurants, and bars) increased from zero in 2000 to 26 in 2010 and 27 in 2015. The percentage of the U.S. population that is protected increased from 2.72% in 2000 to 47.8% in 2010 and 49.6% in 2015. Regional disparities remain in the proportions of state populations ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - June 25, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Tynan MA, Holmes CB, Promoff G, Hallett C, Hopkins M, Frick B Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Dyspnoea as a predictor of cause-specific heart/lung disease mortality in Bangladesh: a prospective cohort study
Conclusions Dyspnoea, ascertained by a single question with binary response, predicts heart and lung disease mortality. Individuals reporting dyspnoea were twofold to ninefold more likely to die of diseases that involve the heart and/or lungs relative to the non-dyspnoeic individuals. Therefore, in those with chronic dyspnoea, workup to look for the five common dyspnoeic diseases resulting in increased mortality (COPD, asthma, heart disease, tuberculosis and lung cancer), all treatable, should reduce mortality and improve the public health.
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - June 9, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pesola, G. R., Argos, M., Chinchilli, V. M., Chen, Y., Parvez, F., Islam, T., Ahmed, A., Hasan, R., Rakibuz-Zaman, M., Ahsan, H. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Cohort studies, Mortality and morbidity Other topics Source Type: research

Health status of populations living in French overseas territories in 2012, compared with metropolitan France: An analysis of the national health insurance database.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the utility of administrative database to compare and follow population health status considering healthcare use. Specific Public Health policies are justified for FOT, taking into account the specific context of each FOT, the necessity of prevention initiatives and screening to reduce the frequency of the chronic diseases. PMID: 27238162 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Revue d Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique - May 31, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique Source Type: research

Comparative study of cardiovascular and cancer mortality of Adventists and non-Adventists from Espírito Santo State, in the period from 2003 to 2009
Conclusion: The Adventists' healthier lifestyle in relation to diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption may have influenced their lower mortality rates.
Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia - May 10, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Surveillance for Certain Health Behaviors, Chronic Diseases, and Conditions, Access to Health Care, and Use of Preventive Health Services Among States and Selected Local Areas
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2012.
This report presents results for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, participating U.S. territories that include the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) and Guam, 187 Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Areas (MMSAs), and 210 counties (n = 475,687 survey respondents) for the year 2012. RESULTS: In 2012, the estimated prevalence of health-risk behaviors, chronic diseases or conditions, access to health care, and use of preventive health services substantially varied by state and territory, MMSA, and county. The following portion of the abstract lists a summary of results by selected BRFSS measures. Each se...
Source: MMWR Surveill Summ - April 30, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Chowdhury PP, Mawokomatanda T, Xu F, Gamble S, Flegel D, Pierannunzi C, Garvin W, Town M Tags: MMWR Surveill Summ Source Type: research

Educational Levels and Risk of Suicide in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center Study (JPHC) Cohort I.
CONCLUSIONS: High educational levels were associated with a reduced risk of suicide for both Japanese men and women. PMID: 27064129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - April 12, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Bowel Movement Frequency, Laxative Use, and Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Constipation could be a marker of exposure to CVD risk factors, and laxative use could be a risk factor for mortality from coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. PMID: 26725286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - January 16, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Childhood Body Weight in Relation to Morbidity From Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Older Adulthood: 67-Year Follow-up of Participants in the 1947 Scottish Mental Survey
In conclusion, a relationship between childhood body weight and later morbidity was largely lacking in the present study.
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - October 23, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty, G. D., Calvin, C. M., Brett, C. E., Cukic, I., Deary, I. J. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research

Childhood Body Weight in Relation to Morbidity From Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Older Adulthood: 67-Year Follow-up of Participants in the 1947 Scottish Mental Survey.
In conclusion, a relationship between childhood body weight and later morbidity was largely lacking in the present study. PMID: 26443418 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Epidemiol - October 6, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Batty GD, Calvin CM, Brett CE, Čukić I, Deary IJ Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Brief Report: Databases in the Asia-Pacific Region: The Potential for a Distributed Network Approach
Conclusions: We identified 11 databases with capabilities for distributed network approaches. Many country-specific coding systems and terminologies have been already converted to international coding systems. The harmonization of health expenditure data is a major obstacle for future investigations attempting to evaluate issues related to medical costs.
Source: Epidemiology - October 1, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Data Source Type: research

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