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Total 124 results found since Jan 2013.

The combination of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, and mortality risk
AbstractLittle is known about the combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and hand grip strength (GS) with mortality in general adult populations. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative risk of mortality for CRF, GS, and their combination. In UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of>  0.5 million adults aged 40–69 years, CRF was measured through submaximal bike tests; GS was measured using a hand-dynamometer. This analysis is based on data from 70,913 men and women (832 all-cause, 177 cardiovascular and 503 cancer deaths over 5.7-year follow-up) who provided valid CRF and G S data, and wi...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - October 1, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Current Tobacco Smoking, Quit Attempts, and Knowledge About Smoking Risks Among Persons Aged ≥15 Years - Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 28 Countries, 2008-2016.
Abstract Each year, tobacco use causes approximately 7 million deaths worldwide, including approximately 6 million among tobacco users and an estimated 890,000 among nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke (1). Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of disease globally and has been determined to cause adverse health outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and multiple types of cancer, including lung cancer (2-4). Approximately 80% of the world's 1.1 billion tobacco smokers reside in low- and middle-income countries (4). Some persons do not fully understand the health risks associated with tobacco smoki...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 28, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ahluwalia IB, Smith T, Arrazola RA, Palipudi KM, Garcia de Quevedo I, Prasad VM, Commar A, Schotte K, Garwood PD, Armour BS Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Cedar Pollinosis and Mortality: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.
CONCLUSIONS: We found an inverse association between cedar pollinosis and the risk of all-cause and respiratory mortality. Further research is needed to elucidate the association between cedar pollinosis and mortality. PMID: 29937471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - June 28, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Prolonged Leisure-Time Spent Sitting in Relation to Cause-specific Mortality in a Large U.S. Cohort.
Abstract The majority of leisure-time is spent in sedentary behaviors such as television viewing. Studies have documented that prolonged leisure-time sitting is associated with higher risk of total, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and "all other causes" of mortality, but few have examined the "other" causes of death in detail. To examine associations of leisure-time sitting with risk of specific causes of death, data were analyzed from the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective U.S. cohort including 127,554 men and women who were free of major chronic disease at study entry and among whom 48,784 died during 21 yea...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - June 26, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Patel AV, Maliniak ML, Rees-Punia E, Matthews CE, Gapstur SM Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

How accurately is euthanasia reported on death certificates in a country with legal euthanasia: a population-based study
ConclusionsDeath certificates substantially underestimate the frequency of euthanasia as a cause of death in Belgium. Mortality follow-back studies are essential complementary instruments to examine and monitor the practice of euthanasia more accurately. Death certificate forms may need to be modified and clear guidelines provided to physicians about recording euthanasia to ensure more accurate certification.
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 21, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The combination of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, and mortality risk
AbstractLittle is known about the combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and hand grip strength (GS) with mortality in general adult populations. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative risk of mortality for CRF, GS, and their combination. In UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of>  0.5 million adults aged 40–69 years, CRF was measured through submaximal bike tests; GS was measured using a hand-dynamometer. This analysis is based on data from 70,913 men and women (832 all-cause, 177 cardiovascular and 503 cancer deaths over 5.7-year follow-up) who provided valid CRF and G S data, and wi...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 28, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Association of leisure-time physical activity with total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of nearly a half million adults in the Asia Cohort Consortium
ConclusionsRegular participation in LTPA is associated with reduced mortality in middle-aged and elder Asians regardless pre-existing health conditions.
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 27, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Serum metabolites and risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke: a targeted metabolomic approach in two German prospective cohorts
AbstractMetabolomic approaches in prospective cohorts may offer a unique snapshot into early metabolic perturbations that are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in healthy people. We investigated the association of 105 serum metabolites, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, phospholipids and hexose, with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam (27,548 adults) and Heidelberg (25,540 adults) cohorts. Using case-cohort designs, we measured metabolites among individuals who were free of CVD and diabet...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - November 27, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Smoke-Free Policies in the World's 50 Busiest Airports - August 2017.
Abstract Exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products causes premature death and disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer among nonsmoking adults and sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, exacerbated asthma, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function in children (1,2). The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke (1). Previous CDC reports on airport smoke-free policies found that most large-hub airports in the United States prohibit smoking (3); however, the extent of ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 24, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Tynan MA, Reimels E, Tucker J, King BA Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Surveillance for Certain Health Behaviors and Conditions Among States and Selected Local Areas - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2013 and 2014.
Abstract PROBLEM: Chronic diseases and conditions (e.g., heart diseases, stroke, arthritis, and diabetes) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. These conditions are costly to the U.S. economy, yet they are often preventable or controllable. Behavioral risk factors (e.g., excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use, poor diet, frequent mental distress, and insufficient sleep) are linked to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Adopting positive health behaviors (e.g., staying physically active, quitting tobacco use, obtaining routine physical checkups, and checking blood pr...
Source: MMWR Surveill Summ - September 15, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Gamble S, Mawokomatanda T, Xu F, Chowdhury PP, Pierannunzi C, Flegel D, Garvin W, Town M Tags: MMWR Surveill Summ Source Type: research

Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45  years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0–82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90  g/day), legumes...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 19, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Trends in educational inequalities in premature mortality in Belgium between the 1990s and the 2000s: the contribution of specific causes of deaths
Conclusion Absolute inequalities decreased in men while increasing in women; relative inequalities increased in both sexes. The PAFs decomposition revealed that targeting mortality inequalities from lung cancer, IHD, COPD in both sexes, suicide in men and stroke in women would have the largest impact at population level.
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - March 6, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Renard, F., Gadeyne, S., Devleesschauwer, B., Tafforeau, J., Deboosere, P. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Mortality and morbidity, Suicide (psychiatry), Health service research, Suicide (public health) Research reports Source Type: research

Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality —a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 22, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The Associations of Atrial Fibrillation With the Risks of Incident Invasive Breast and Colorectal Cancer
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that poses a significant risk of stroke. Cross-sectional and case-control studies have shown evidence of associations between AF and breast or colorectal cancer, but there have been no longitudinal studies in which this has been assessed. We prospectively examined a cohort of 93,676 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1994 to 1998 to determine whether there are relationships between baseline AF and the development of invasive breast or colorectal cancer. The pr...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (sociodemographic characteristics, depression) and intermediary (health behaviors, health...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Kim, E. S., Hagan, K. A., Grodstein, F., DeMeo, D. L., De Vivo, I., Kubzansky, L. D. Tags: RESEARCH-ARTICLE Source Type: research