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Total 17 results found since Jan 2013.

Academic outcome in pediatric ischemic stroke.
Abstract An important cause of acquired brain injury in children, pediatric ischemic stroke can cause sequelae across a wide range of cognitive domains, including verbal reasoning and processing speed. As a result, survivors are especially vulnerable to academic difficulties and face unique challenges compared to their peers. Despite this knowledge, pediatric stroke remains an understudied neurological condition, and its impact on school functioning poorly understood. The present clinical study addressed academic outcome in this population using a multifaceted approach. Patients were recruited for participation fr...
Source: Child Neuropsychology - January 8, 2020 Category: Child Development Authors: Champigny CM, Deotto A, Westmacott R, Dlamini N, Desrocher M Tags: Child Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Robot-Assisted Therapy in Upper Extremity Hemiparesis: Overview of an Evidence-Based Approach
Conclusion Robotic therapy has matured and represents an embodiment of a paradigm shift in neurorehabilitation following a stroke: instead of focusing on compensation, it affords focus in ameliorating the impaired limb in line with concepts of neuroplasticity. This technology-based treatment provides intensity, interactivity, flexibility, and adaptiveness to patient's performance and needs. Furthermore, it increases the productivity of rehabilitation care. Of course, efficiency must be discussed within a local perspective. For example, following the cost containment shown in the VA ROBOTICS study (46), the UK Nati...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Chronic Fluoxetine Induces Activity Changes in Recovery From Poststroke Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment
AbstractPoststroke depression (PSD) is a common outcome of stroke that limits recovery and is only partially responsive to chronic antidepressant treatment. In order to elucidate changes in the cortical-limbic circuitry associated with PSD and its treatment, we examined a novel mouse model of persistent PSD. Focal endothelin-1-induced ischemia of the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in male C57BL6 mice resulted in a chronic anxiety and depression phenotype. Here, we show severe cognitive impairment in spatial learning and memory in the stroke mice. The behavioral and cognitive phenotypes were reversed by chronic (4-wee...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Probable Nootropic-induced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases
Conclusion Healthcare providers in general, and specifically those in the mental health and substance abuse fields, should keep in mind that nootropic use is an under recognized and evolving problem. Nootropic use should be considered in cases where there are sudden or unexplained exacerbations of psychiatric symptoms in patients who have been stable and medication adherent. It is also important to remember that most nootropics are not detected on standard drug toxicology screening tests. We have very little clinical information on how nootropics may interact with psychotropics (or other medications) and potentially cause ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - December 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Case Series and Literature Review Current Issue Mental Disorders Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Substance Use Disorders Ampakines Armodafinil brain enhancer Cerebrolysin Citicoline cognitive enhancer homeopathic medicine natural r Source Type: research

Aberrant CaMKII activity in the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive dysfunction in ADHD model rats.
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder accompanied by cognitive and learning deficits, which is prevalent among boys. Juvenile male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) exhibit ADHD-like behaviors including cognitive deficits and represent one animal model of ADHD. Here, we define a mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction observed in SHRSP. Acute methylphenidate (MPH: 1mg/kg, p.o.) administration to SHRSP significantly improved not only inattention in a Y-maze task but also cognitive dysfunction in a novel object recognition test. Int...
Source: Brain Research - February 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yabuki Y, Shioda N, Maeda T, Hiraide S, Togashi H, Fukunaga K Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

What is the Remission Rate for Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Children?
Discussion The thyroid gland secrets two hormones – T4 which is a prohormone and T3 which is the biologically active hormone. Receptors for T3 are found in nearly all body tissues. T3 regulates metabolism and energy production. Organs most affected are the heart, liver and central nervous system as well as growth of the fetus and child. Hyperthyroidism is common with a prevalence rate of about 1-2% for women and 0.2% for men. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Grave’s disease where autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) exist. These autoantibodies attach to thyroid tissue TSH receptors and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 26, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

No such thing as baby brain, study argues
Conclusion The researchers conclude that although the pregnant women reported memory problems, these did not show up on their tests. However, this does not take into account their pre-pregnancy ability. The women may have performed better before they got pregnant, which is why they are now reporting memory problems. None of these women were tested before they got pregnant, which is the major limitation of the study. The researchers say that because there were a similar number of students in each group, the women in the control group was a good enough representation of how the pregnant women would have performed pre-pregna...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 8, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Mental health Neurology Pregnancy/child Source Type: news

Rhynchophylline Protects Against the Amyloid β-Induced Increase of Spontaneous Discharges in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Rats.
Abstract Accumulated soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-induced aberrant neuronal network activity has been recognized as a key causative factor leading to cognitive deficits which are the most outstanding characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an important structure associated with learning and memory, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions that are impaired very early in AD, and the hippocampal CA1 region is selectively vulnerable to soluble Aβ oligomers. Our recent study showed that soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers induced hyperactivity and perturbed the firing patterns in hippocampal neurons. Rhynchophylline (RIN...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shao H, Mi Z, Ji WG, Zhang CH, Zhang T, Ren SC, Zhu ZR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2015 Source:Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology Author(s): J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi, A. McGonigal, R. Lopez, C. Daudet, I. Kotwas, F. Bartolomei The technique of electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) emerged in the 1970s and is a technique that measures a subject's EEG signal, processes it in real time, extracts a parameter of interest and presents this information in visual or auditory form. The goal is to effectuate a behavioural modification by modulating brain activity. The EEG NF opens new therapeutic possibilities in the fields of psychiat...
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - November 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Quantitative Summary of The Listening Program (TLP) Efficacy Studies: What Areas Were Found to Improve by TLP Intervention?
Abstract A quantitative summary of existing research examining the effects of The Listening Program (TLP) on various functions in children is presented. Nine studies were used, looking at TLP intervention effects across studies, within each study and for various outcome measures. The studies looked at TLP intervention on children with autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, learning disabilities, auditory processing disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, Rhett syndrome, dyspraxia, cerebral palsy, fibromyalgia, arthritis and stroke. The magnitude of the TLP effect size revealed a mean value of 0.41 across al...
Source: Occupational Therapy International - February 17, 2016 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Sadako Vargas, Jay R. Lucker Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

A Tale of the Good and Bad: Remodeling of the Microtubule Network in the Brain by Cdk5
Abstract Cdk5, a cyclin-dependent kinase family member, is a global orchestrator of neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics. During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is indispensable for brain development. In adults, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes, including higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation, drug addiction, pain signaling, and long-term behavior changes through long-term potentiation and long-term depression, all of which rely on rapid alterations in the cytoskeleton. Cdk5 activity becomes deregulated in various brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Hunt...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Identification of ADHD in Youth with Epilepsy (P3.257)
Conclusion. Inclusion of behavior rating scales as part of routine care in neurology clinics may be the most efficient and cost effective way to identify ADHD in youth with epilepsy.Disclosure: Dr. Kral has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lally has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boan has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kral, M., Lally, M., Boan, A. Tags: Child Neurology and Developmental Neurology: Epilepsy, Hypoxia, and Stroke Source Type: research

Head injuries can alter hundreds of genes and lead to serious brain diseases, UCLA biologists report
Head injuries can harm hundreds of genes in the brain in a way that increases people ’s risk for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, UCLA life scientists report.The researchers identified for the first time master genes that they believe control hundreds of other genes which are linked to Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, stroke, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, depression, schizophrenia and other disorders.Knowing what the master genes are could give scientists targets for new pharmaceuticals to treat brain diseases. Eventually, scientists...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - March 6, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Investigating the Mechanisms of Methotrexate Neurotoxicity in Patients With Childhood Leukemia and Long-Term Survivors
Adverse neurological events are common (4-20%) during treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and include seizures, stroke like syndrome and leukoencephalopathy. In addition, chronic neurotoxicity is emerging as a worrying late effect of treatment with long-term survivors experiencing decreased executive function, processing speed and memory function. Survivors are also at increased risk of experiencing learning difficulties, social withdrawal issues and inattention hyperactivity disorders.
Source: Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia - September 1, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Victoria Forster, Jane Carr-Wilkinson, Deborah Tweddle, Sirintra Nakjang, Sanaa Choufani, Rosanna Weksberg, Frederik van Delft Source Type: research