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Total 299 results found since Jan 2013.

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound During Critical Illness in Children: Survey of Practices in Pediatric Neurocritical Care Centers*
Conclusions: At least 27 pediatric neurocritical care centers use transcranial Doppler during clinical care. In the majority of centers, studies are performed and interpreted by credentialed personnel, and findings are used to guide clinical management. Further studies are needed to standardize these practices.
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - January 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Neurocritical Care Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of Citrulline as an Arginine Supplement: A Clinical Pharmacology Review
This article summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies of arginine/citrulline in both adults and children, including currently available pharmacokinetic information. The pharmacology of arginine/citrulline is conf ounded by several patient-specific factors such as variations in baseline arginine/citrulline due to developmental ages and disease states. Currently available pharmacokinetic studies are insufficient to inform the optimal design of clinical studies, especially in children. Successful bench-to-bedsi de clinical translation of arginine supplementation awaits information from well-designed pharmacokinetic/pha...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 5, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Intracranial Electroencephalography in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusions: These findings suggest that intracranial electroencephalography may be useful for detection of secondary insult development in children with traumatic brain injury.
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - March 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Neurocritical Care Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of Citrulline as an Arginine Supplement: A Clinical Pharmacology Review.
This article summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies of arginine/citrulline in both adults and children, including currently available pharmacokinetic information. The pharmacology of arginine/citrulline is confounded by several patient-specific factors such as variations in baseline arginine/citrulline due to developmental ages and disease states. Currently available pharmacokinetic studies are insufficient to inform the optimal design of clinical studies, especially in children. Successful bench-to-bedside clinical translation of arginine supplementation awaits information from well-designed pharmacokinetic/pharm...
Source: Paediatric Drugs - March 5, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rashid J, Kumar SS, Job KM, Liu X, Fike CD, Sherwin CMT Tags: Paediatr Drugs Source Type: research

Respiratory Variations in Aortic Blood Flow to Predict Volume Responsiveness in Ventilated Children With Leukemia and Neutropenic Septic Shock*
Conclusions: Respiratory variation in velocity time integral of aortic blood flow and respiratory variation in peak velocity of aortic blood flow derived from transthoracic echocardiography showed only a fair reliability in predicting volume responsiveness in ventilated children with leukemia and neutropenic septic shock.
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - May 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Online Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

Changes in arginase isoforms in a murine model of neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia.
CONCLUSIONS: ARG isoform expression increases with age from P9 to P17, but is suppressed by injury specifically in the hippocampus and not in the cortex. Both levels and activity of ARG isoforms increase with H, while ARG-1 immunolabelling is upregulated in the HI cortex. Evidently, ARG isoforms in the brain differ in spatiotemporal localization, expression, and activity during neurodevelopment and after injury. IMPACT: Arginase isoforms change during neurodevelopment and after neonatal brain HI.This is the first study investigating the key enzymes of inflammation and tissue repair called arginases following murine ne...
Source: Pediatric Research - May 27, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mike JK, Pathipati P, Sheldon RA, Ferriero DM Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Hospital-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU: A Multivariable Predictive Algorithm to Identify Children at High Risk
Objectives: Critically ill children with cardiac disease are at significant risk for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism, which is associated with increased morbidity, hospital length of stay, and cost. Currently, there are no widely accepted guidelines for prevention of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in pediatrics. We aimed to develop a predictive algorithm for identifying critically ill children with cardiac disease who are at increased risk for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism as a first step to reducing hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in this population. Design: This is a pr...
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - June 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Online Cardiac Intensive Care Source Type: research

Polymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products as vasculopathy predictor in sickle cell disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The C allele of -429T/C and T allele of 374T/A RAGE polymorphisms may be considered as predictors for vascular dysfunction in SCD. IMPACT: The C allele of -429T/C and T allele of 374T/A RAGE polymorphisms may be considered as predictors for vascular dysfunction in SCD patients.To our knowledge, our study is the first exploring the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of RAGE gene (374T/A, 429T/C, and G82S) with vascular complications in SCD.Early identification of patients carrying these genetic variants might be of great importance not only to identify subjects at risk of vasculopathy but...
Source: Pediatric Research - June 15, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Safwat NA, ELkhamisy MM, Abdel-Wahab SEA, Hamza MT, Boshnak NH, Kenny MA Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
Discussion Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are malformations of the heart and great vessels. It occurs in about 5-8/1000 live births. Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often noted perinatally because of cyanosis, respiratory distress and/or poor feeding or other distress type problems. A review can be found here. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) can present at birth but often is seen in older children or adults unless the lesions are severe, especially obstructive lesions. Severe lesions may also cause cyanosis and distress type problems in patients also. Shunting lesions cause problems by diverting blood flo...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Rise in Angiopoietin-2 Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery Is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes
Objectives: Neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital cardiac defects is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and there is a need for early identification of patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes. Because vascular endothelial injury mediates damage across organ systems, we measured serum biomarkers of endothelial injury in neonates following cardiopulmonary bypass and examined their associations with short-term outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Pediatric cardiac ICU. Patients: Thirty neonates less than 2 weeks old undergoing repair of congenital cardiac defects with cardio...
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - September 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Online Cardiac Intensive Care Source Type: research

Cholesterol metabolism and brain injury in neonatal encephalopathy.
Abstract Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) results from impaired cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain. The pathophysiology of NE is complex and our understanding of its underlying pathways continues to evolve. There is considerable evidence that cholesterol dysregulation is involved in several adult diseases, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although the research is less robust in pediatrics, there is emerging evidence that aberrations in cholesterol metabolism may also be involved in the pathophysiology of neonatal NE. This narrative review provid...
Source: Pediatric Research - October 26, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dave AM, Peeples ES Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Efficacy of Citicoline as a Neuroprotector in children with post cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Conclusion: Citicoline is a promising neuroprotective drug in children with post-cardiac arrest.Trial Registration: The study was registered at Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR)www.pactr.samrc.ac.za with trial number PACTR201907742119058.What is known?• Post-resuscitation brain injury is one of the major complications that can lead to death or disability.• CDP-choline has been studied for acute ischemic stroke in several adult studies because of its reparative effect.What is new?• Our study was the first in pediatrics that assessed the neuroprotective effect of CDP-choline on the brain in children after ca...
Source: European Journal of Pediatrics - November 10, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

The Use of Clevidipine for Hypertension in Pediatric Patients Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support
Conclusions: In this pediatric cardiac cohort, clevidipine infusions were effective at hypertension management and were not associated with hypotensive or code events. This report details the largest cohort and longest duration of clevidipine administration within a pediatric population and did not demonstrate hypotensive events, even among neonatal populations. Clevidipine may be a reasonable cost-effective alternative antihypertensive medication compared to traditional short-acting agents.
Source: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - December 1, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Online Cardiac Intensive Care Source Type: research

How Good is Photoscreening For Young Children ’ s Vision Problems?
This study showed that not only was smartphone photoscreening feasible, but was quite good at screening for potential vision problems. Smartphone photoscreening has the advantages of being more ubiquitously available and thus children in almost any location can be screened. A study of photoscreening using a handheld digital photoscreener in primary care offices validated the technology showing an overall referral rate of 10% to an ophthalmologist with suspected astigmatism, anisometropia and strabismus being the most common reasons. The overall positive predictive rate was 0.60. “…[O]ver 60% of children referre...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 4, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature
ConclusionsOur research highlights the large range of neurological manifestations and their presumed pathogenic pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nervous system involvement could be isolated, developing during COVID-19 or after its recovery, or arise in the context of a MIS-C. The most reported neurological manifestations are cerebrovascular accidents, reversible splenial lesions, GBS, benign intracranial hypertension, meningoencephalitis; ADEM is also a possible complication, as we observed in our patient. Further studies are required to investigate all the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2...
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - June 2, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research