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Total 356 results found since Jan 2013.

Disparities in US Healthcare Provider Screening and Advice for Cessation Across Chronic Medical Conditions and Tobacco Products
ConclusionsResults support the need for provider training to expand screening and cessation interventions to include the growing spectrum of tobacco products. Screening and referral to interventions are especially needed for those with mental health and substance use disorders to reduce the disparate burden of tobacco-related disease and death.
Source: Journal of General Internal Medicine - May 3, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Estimating the effect of differing assumptions on the population health impact of introducing a Reduced Risk Tobacco Product in the USA
Publication date: Available online 24 June 2017 Source:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Author(s): Peter N. Lee, John S. Fry, John F. Hamling, Zheng Sponsiello-Wang, Gizelle Baker, Rolf Weitkunat We use Population Health Impact Modelling to assess effects on tobacco prevalence and mortality of introducing a Reduced Risk Tobacco Product (RRP). Simulated samples start in 1990 with a US-representative smoking prevalence. Individual tobacco histories are updated annually until 2010 using estimated probabilities of switching between never/current/former smoking where the RRP is not introduced, with current users subdivid...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - June 24, 2017 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Estimating the effect of differing assumptions on the population health impact of introducing a Reduced Risk Tobacco Product in the USA.
Abstract We use Population Health Impact Modelling to assess effects on tobacco prevalence and mortality of introducing a Reduced Risk Tobacco Product (RRP). Simulated samples start in 1990 with a US-representative smoking prevalence. Individual tobacco histories are updated annually until 2010 using estimated probabilities of switching between never/current/former smoking where the RRP is not introduced, with current users subdivided into cigarette/RRP/dual users where it is. RRP-related mortality reductions from lung cancer, IHD, stroke and COPD are derived from the histories and the assumed relative risks of th...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - June 23, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee PN, Fry JS, Hamling JF, Sponsiello-Wang Z, Baker G, Weitkunat R Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Limb-Shaking Transient Ischemic Attack Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Dissection after Lung Surgery
We report a case of limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (TIA) caused by a dissection of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) following lung surgery under general anesthesia. An 81-year-old male patient who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer suddenly developed transient shaking movements of the neck and the left upper distal limb on postoperative day 1. On the basis of the double-barrel appearance of the right M1 segment of the MCA, a diagnosis of MCA dissection was made. Physicians should be aware that limb-shaking TIA is sometimes caused by MCA dissection and could be precipitated by any condition, including lung surgery ...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Daisuke Taniguchi, Yutaka Oji, Yuji Ueno, Shunki Hirayama, Mariko Fukui, Nobukazu Miyamoto, Kazuo Yamashiro, Ryota Tanaka, Kenji Suzuki, Nobutaka Hattori Tags: Case Studies Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 854: Treatment of Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cells with Formaldehyde and Benzene Induced Growth and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via Induction of an Antioxidant Effect
In this study, the effects of formaldehyde (FA) and benzene (Bz), the main components of CS, on cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells were examined to confirm the relationship between CS components and placenta carcinoma. Upon MTT assay, FA (10−8 M to 10−5 M) and Bz (10−11 M to 10−8 M) increased JEG-3 cell proliferation. Western blot assay revealed that the protein expression of cyclin D1 and E1 increased, while the levels of p21 and p27 were reduced following treatment. In Scratch assay, FA (10−8 M and 10−5 M) and Bz (10−11 M and 10−8 M) increas...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - July 29, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Hae-Miru Lee Soo-Min Kim Kyung-Chul Choi Tags: Article Source Type: research

Creating a lung adenocarcinoma canvas, one brush stroke at a time
In their carefully characterized large cohort of resected adenocarcinomas reported in this issue of the Journal, Takamochi and colleagues1 demonstrate that epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutations are associated with better prognoses and that subtypes of mutations are not. With nearly 1000 patients analyzed, the study serves as an important guidepost as we navigate treatment courses, weighing the relative importance of each genetic change —particularly driver mutations in lung cancer, both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.
Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - July 22, 2017 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Sai Yendamuri Tags: Editorial commentary Source Type: research

Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45  years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0–82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90  g/day), legumes...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 19, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Predictors of the effectiveness of accreditation on hospital performance: A nationwide stepped-wedge study
ConclusionHospital characteristics were not found to be predictors for the effects of accreditation, whereas conditions and types of care to some extent predicted the effectiveness.
Source: International Journal for Quality in Health Care - May 2, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

UCLA helps many to live long and prosper
In Westwood, more than 100 faculty experts from 25 departments have embarked on anall-encompassing push to cut the health and economic impacts of depression in half by the year 2050. The mammoth undertaking will rely on platforms developed by the new Institute for Precision Health, which will harness the power of big data and genomics to move toward individually tailored treatments and health-promotion strategies.On the same 419 acres of land, researchers across the spectrum, from the laboratory bench to the patient bedside, are ushering in a potentially game-changing approach to turning the body ’s immune defenses again...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - November 9, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

The prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Sri Lanka:outcome of the BOLD study
Conclusion: The prevalence of COPD in Sri Lankan adults is similar to global and regional prevalences.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 6, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Amarasiri, L., Gunasinghe, W., Sadikeen, A., Fernando, A., Madegedara, D., Wickramasinghe, R., Gunasekera, K. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Predictors for 30 ‐day readmission after pulmonary resection for lung cancer
Conclusions: The factors predictive for readmission can help design individualized outpatient follow‐up plans and programs for the reduction of readmissions.
Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology - January 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Florencio Quero ‐Valenzuela, Inmaculada Piedra‐Fernández, María Martínez‐Ceres, Pedro J. Romero‐Palacios, Abel Sánchez‐Palencia, Antonio Cueto‐Ladrón De Guevara, Pablo Torné‐Poyatos Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Long-term trends and health impact of PM2.5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006-2015.
Abstract The main objectives of this study were (1) investigation of the temporal variations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground level ozone (O3) concentrations in Tehran megacity, the capital and most populous city in Iran, over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2015, and (2) estimation of their long-term health effects including all-cause and cause-specific mortality. For the first goal, the data of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, measured at 21 regulatory monitoring network stations in Tehran, were obtained and the temporal trends were investigated. The health impact assessment of PM2.5 and O3 was pe...
Source: Environment International - February 21, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, Malkawi M, Momeniha F, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Cost ‐effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios in Spain: results from the EQUIPTMOD
ConclusionsAccording to the EQUIPTMOD modelling tool it would be cost‐effective for the Spanish authorities to expand the reach of existing GP brief interventions for smoking cessation, provide pro‐active telephone support, and reimburse smoking cessation medication to smokers trying to stop. Such policies would more than pay for themselves in the long run.
Source: Addiction - March 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Marta Trapero ‐Bertran, Celia Muñoz, Kathryn Coyle, Doug Coyle, Adam Lester‐George, Reiner Leidl, Bertalan Németh, Kei‐Long Cheung, Subhash Pokhrel, Ángel Lopez‐Nicolás Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Estimates of costs for modelling return on investment from smoking cessation interventions
ConclusionsCosts of treating smoking‐attributable diseases as well as the costs of implementing smoking cessation interventions vary substantially across Hungary, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and England. Estimates for the costs of these diseases and interventions can contribute to return on investment estimates in support of national or regional policy decisions.
Source: Addiction - March 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Marta Trapero ‐Bertran, Reiner Leidl, Celia Muñoz, Puttarin Kulchaitanaroaj, Kathryn Coyle, Maximilian Präger, Judit Józwiak‐Hagymásy, Kei Long Cheung, Mickael Hiligsmann, Subhash Pokhrel, Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 602: Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Associated Health Burden in Nanjing
In this study, characteristics of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) over Nanjing were analyzed using hourly and daily averaged PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters collected from nine national monitoring sites during the period of March 2014 to February 2017. Then, the integrated exposure-response (IER) model was applied to assess premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL) attributable to PM2.5, and mortality benefits due to PM2.5 reductions. The concentrations of PM2.5 varied among hours, seasons and years, which can be explained by differences in emission sources, ...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - March 27, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Dongyang Nie Mindong Chen Yun Wu Xinlei Ge Jianlin Hu Kai Zhang Pengxiang Ge Tags: Article Source Type: research