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Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

The limited public health impact of “lifestyle” change
Two main factors are responsible for premature disease and mortality. One is smoking, often referred to as a “lifestyle choice”, but better described as a “habit”. The other is poor nutrition resulting largely from the sugar, alcohol, salt, and saturated fat content (SASS components) of ready to consume food and drink, much of which is manufactured on an industrial scale. Collectively these dietary components are the main drivers of the global epidemic of stroke, heart attack, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - July 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Nicholas J. Wald Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Bowel movement frequency and cardiovascular mortality, a matter of fibers and oxidative stress?
To the Editor, Hippocrates, the father of western medicine, believed that all disease begins in the gut. Today, the global obesity epidemic, resulting in serious diet-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and certain forms of cancer, including colorectal cancer, reveals that his view is still relevant. The relation between diet and health and the resulting potential for disease prevention has increasingly been emphasized in health promotion messages over the last thirty years [1 –5].
Source: Atherosclerosis - August 20, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alphons J.M. Vermorken, Yali Cui, Robbert Kleerebezem, Emmanuel Andr ès Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

The Limited Public Health Impact of ‘Lifestyle’ Change
Two main factors are responsible for premature disease and mortality. One is smoking, often referred to as a “lifestyle choice,” but better described as a “habit.” The other is poor nutrition resulting largely from the sugar, alcohol, salt, and saturated fat content (SASS components) of ready-to-consume food and drink, much of which is manufactured on an industrial scale. Collectively, these dietar y components are the main drivers of the global epidemic of stroke, heart attack, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - July 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Nicholas J. Wald Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Diabetic retinopathy screening: global and local perspective.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus has become a global epidemic. It causes significant macrovascular complications such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke; as well as microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy is known to be the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and may be asymptomatic until vision loss occurs. Screening for diabetic retinopathy has been shown to reduce blindness by timely detection and effective laser treatment. Diabetic retinopathy screening is being done worldwide either as a national screening...
Source: Hong Kong Med J - August 25, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gangwani RA, Lian JX, McGhee SM, Wong D, Li KK Tags: Hong Kong Med J Source Type: research

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy : The result of dosage and individual predisposition.
Authors: Maisch B Abstract The individual amount of alcohol consumed acutely or chronically decides on harm or benefit to a person's health. Available data suggest that one to two drinks in men and one drink in women will benefit the cardiovascular system over time, one drink being 17.6 ml 100 % alcohol. Moderate drinking can reduce the incidence and mortality of coronary artery disease, heart failure, diabetes, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. More than this amount can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, which is defined as alcohol toxicity to the heart muscle itself by ethanol and its metabolites. Historical exa...
Source: Herz - September 3, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: Herz Source Type: research

Severe obesity among American Indian tribal youth in the Southwest
Children with obesity are at risk for adult obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and low self-esteem, and are less likely to participate in physical activity than non-obese youth.1 The obesity epidemic is due largely to lifestyle behaviours and the built environment that shape life habits in obvious and subtle ways.2 With early onset of obesity, risks for chronic disease and associated complications have more time to develop. Various studies show that American Indian youth have the highest prevalence of obesity of all racial/ethnic groups in the US.
Source: Public Health - January 13, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Authors: F.C. Gachupin, J.R. Joe, K. Steger-May, S.B. Racette Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

A machine learning approach to measure and monitor physical activity in children
Publication date: 8 March 2017 Source:Neurocomputing, Volume 228 Author(s): Paul Fergus, Abir J. Hussain, John Hearty, Stuart Fairclough, Lynne Boddy, Kelly Mackintosh, Gareth Stratton, Nicky Ridgers, Dhiya Al-Jumeily, Ahmed J. Aljaaf, Jenet Lunn The growing trend of obesity and overweight worldwide has reached epidemic proportions with one third of the global population now considered obese. This is having a significant medical impact on children and adults who are at risk of developing osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancers, respiratory problems, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease...
Source: Neurocomputing - January 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Contribution of Maladaptive Adipose Tissue Expansion to Development of Cardiovascular Disease.
Authors: Jia G, Jia Y, Sowers JR Abstract The overweight and obesity epidemic has led to an increase in the metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). These abnormalities include insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, vascular stiffness, hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) expansion and associated fibrosis/stiffness of WAT promote insulin resistance and CVD through increases in proinflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysregulation of adipocyte apoptosis and autophagy, dysfunction...
Source: Comprehensive Physiology - February 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Tags: Compr Physiol Source Type: research

New drugs for Diabetes: Finally safety and cardiovascular efficacy
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as the epidemic of the modern age [1]. Concomitant with this, we have witnessed a rise in the complications of this condition, with diabetes now the number one cause of end stage renal failure in developed nations and ~75% of deaths in the overall diabetic population being related to cardiovascular disease, primarily stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure [2].
Source: Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine - February 23, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim A. Connelly Source Type: research

New Evidence Linking Obesity and Food Addiction
Obesity rates have skyrocketed over the past few decades. In the United States, approximately 35% of adults are now considered obese, with more than 60% categorized as overweight (1). The health consequences of obesity are substantial. Obesity increases the risk of developing several debilitating conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and mental illness. Because the global obesity epidemic is generally believed to be caused by excessive caloric intake, there has been increasing interest in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms contributing to overeating, defined as continued eating in the absence of me...
Source: Biological Psychiatry - April 11, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Elise C. Cope, Elizabeth Gould Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Melanocortin neurons: multiple routes to regulation of metabolism.
Abstract The burden of disability, premature death, escalating health care costs and lost economic productivity due to obesity and its associated complications including hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is staggering [1, 2]. A better understanding of metabolic homeostatic pathways will provide us with insights into the biological mechanisms of obesity and how to fundamentally address this epidemic [3-6]. In mammals, energy balance is maintained via a homeostatic system involving both peripheral and central melanocortin systems; changes in body weight reflect an unbalance of the ener...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - May 9, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shen WJ, Yao T, Kong X, Williams KW, Liu T Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Chris Cornell: When Suicide Doesn't Make Sense
By Julie A. Fast Sometimes, people commit suicide and it does make some sense. It’s scary and upsets our world, but on a basic level we think we understand. The suicide of Robin Williams comes to mind. He had a history of depression and his health was failing. Oh how we all wish he could have found more help, but I don’t think it was as much surprising as it was devastating and sad for the millions who loved him when he died. Then there are suicides that make no sense. They don’t fit in the current life of the person or fit what the person is actually saying about life in public. The partner or other love...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - May 18, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Overfed and Underfed: Global Food Extremes
The international community of nations has made commitments to eliminate hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition by 2030 and also to promote and protect health through nutritious diet, healthy eating and increased physical activity. Credit: IPSBy Joseph ChamieNEW YORK, Jun 12 2017 (IPS)Global food extremes of chronic undernourishment and obesity have brought about a bipolar world of hundreds of millions of underfed and overfed people. Of the world’s population of 7.5 billion the proportions suffering from chronic undernourishment and those afflicted by obesity are similar, approximately 11 percent or togethe...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - June 12, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Joseph Chamie Tags: Development & Aid Food & Agriculture Global Headlines Health Poverty & SDGs Regional Categories Source Type: news

Editorial commentary: New drugs for diabetes: Finally safety and cardiovascular efficacy
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as the epidemic of the modern age [1]. Concomitant with this, we have witnessed a rise in the complications of this condition, with diabetes now the number one cause of end stage renal failure in developed nations and ~75% of deaths in the overall diabetic population being related to cardiovascular disease, primarily stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure [2].
Source: Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine - February 24, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim A. Connelly Source Type: research