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Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

Pharmacotherapy of obesity: clinical treatments and considerations.
Abstract Obesity is a world-wide epidemic associated with significant morbidity and mortality which costs billions of dollars per year. The associated related conditions are many and include heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea and certain types of cancer. Given that it is a multifactorial problem, the treatments must also address the numerous causes associated with the development of obesity. The neurohormonal regulation of feeding and energy is a complex system often necessitating modification through more than 1 pathway to achieve weight loss. Therefore, in addition to lifestyle changes...
Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences - April 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Holes-Lewis KA, Malcolm R, O'Neil PM Tags: Am J Med Sci Source Type: research

If you could propose one idea to help improve health care delivery in the United States, what would it be?
Thumbnail: Tags: conversationsphrma conversationslarry hausnermyrl weinbergchris hansennancy brownContributors: 11621161115911631173Contributions: Read Larry Hausner's bio Despite the rapid development of innovative technologies in the health care field, we have yet to discover a panacea that will easily transform our health care system into one that provides high-quality and cost-effective care.  What we have discovered and come to agree on over the last decade is that our sick care system must be reconfigured to a health care system that emphasizes wellness and prevention.  For that reason, I offer ...
Source: PHRMA - June 24, 2013 Category: Pharmaceuticals Authors: rlowe Source Type: news

As preschool obesity rates dip, Boston Children’s expert suggests feds step to the plate
The scales may not be tipping quite so precipitously for some low-income preschoolers. So says a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Nineteen states saw small decreases in obesity rates among preschoolers between 2008 and 2011, while rates held steady in another 20 states. Is this cause for celebration, cautious optimism or concern? Perhaps all of the above, says David Ludwig, MD, PhD, director of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Boston Children’s Hospital. “The report is a small, but encouraging, sign after nearly half a century of bad news.” The latest data...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - September 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lisa Fratt Tags: All posts Childhood obesity Children's in the news Health & wellness Healthful eating Research David Ludwig New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center Source Type: news

Population-based study of cardiovascular health in Atahualpa, a rural village of coastal Ecuador
The American Heart Association (AHA) recently defined the metrics needed to categorize cardiovascular health (CVH), to implement strategies directed to reduce vascular deaths among US populations . The same could be applied to developing countries, where stroke and cardiovascular diseases will be the next health epidemics due to changes in lifestyle and increased life expectancy . Indeed, the rate of vascular deaths in Latin America is higher than in the developed world; this excess mortality fraction could be related to modifiable factors, including: inadequate access to medical care, increasing obesity and diabetes melli...
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - February 13, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Oscar H. Del Brutto, Milton Santamaría, Elio Ochoa, Ernesto Peñaherrera, Rocío Santibáñez, Freddy Pow-Chon-Long, Mauricio Zambrano, Victor J. Del Brutto Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Walking ‘could save 37,000 lives a year’ report claims
The benefits of walking have been reported across the UK media. The BBC reports that “walking more 'would save thousands' of lives in the UK”. These stories have been prompted by the "Walking Works” report (PDF, 3.4MB). It provides an overview of current evidence on physical inactivity, and makes the case for encouraging more people to take up walking as a form of physical activity. It lays out that a large proportion of the population is not meeting physical activity guidelines and that if more people did so, this could potentially save 37,000 lives a year in England. It also discusses the specific benefits o...
Source: NHS News Feed - October 7, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Lifestyle/exercise QA articles Source Type: news

Nox2-Derived Superoxide Contributes to Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obesity Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Endothelial dysfunction produced by a HFD occurs in a temporal manner and appears much earlier in cerebral arterioles than in carotid arteries. Genetic studies revealed that Nox2-derived superoxide plays a major role in endothelial dysfunction produced by a HFD. Such functional changes may serve to predispose blood vessels to reduced vasodilator responses and thus may contribute to alterations in cerebral blood flow associated with obesity.
Source: Stroke - October 21, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Lynch, C. M., Kinzenbaw, D. A., Chen, X., Zhan, S., Mezzetti, E., Filosa, J., Ergul, A., Faulkner, J. L., Faraci, F. M., Didion, S. P. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Type 2 diabetes, Endothelium/vascular type/nitric oxide, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Benefits & risks of statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Asian Indians - A population with the highest risk of premature coronary artery disease & diabetes.
Benefits & risks of statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Asian Indians - A population with the highest risk of premature coronary artery disease & diabetes. Indian J Med Res. 2013 Oct;138(4):461-91 Authors: Enas EA, Kuruvila A, Khanna P, Pitchumoni CS, Mohan V Abstract Several reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated the incontrovertible benefits of statin therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). But the role for statins in primary prevention remained unclear. The updated 2013 Cochrane review has put to rest all lingering doubts about the overwhelming ...
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - October 1, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Enas EA, Kuruvila A, Khanna P, Pitchumoni CS, Mohan V Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research

Committee opinion no. 591: challenges for overweight and obese women.
Authors: Abstract Overweight and obesity are epidemic in the United States. Obesity is a risk factor for numerous conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, certain types of cancer, and arthritis. The prevalence of obesity is high, exceeding 30% in adult women and men. Many women, irrespective of demographic characteristics or income, are vulnerable to becoming overweight or obese because of limited resources for physical activity and healthy food choices, work commitments, and family demands. Clinicians and public health officials should address not only individual beh...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - February 23, 2014 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Obesity: The New Epidemic
Over the past decade, obesity has become recognized as a national health threat and a major public health challenge. Approximately 72.5 million adults in the United States are obese. Obese adults are at increased risk for many serious health conditions, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and premature death. Adult obesity also is associated with a reduced quality of life, social stigmatization, and discrimination. Diseases associated with obesity are responsible for 27% of the increases in US medical costs. Medical costs associated with obesity have been estima...
Source: The Journal for Nurse Practitioners - March 20, 2014 Category: Nursing Authors: Laurel Halloran Tags: Hot Topics in Primary Care Source Type: research

Comment: Intracerebral hemorrhage incidence declines, but it is still highly fatal
Overall stroke mortality has declined over the last decades—a welcome trend.1 However, recent trends in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence are not as clear. On the one hand, there has been increasingly good population control of hypertension; on the other hand, there is increasing use of anticoagulants and antithrombotic drugs, an epidemic of obesity and diabetes, and changing racial and ethnic demographics.
Source: Neurology - June 16, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Smith, E. E. Tags: Cohort studies, Incidence studies, Natural history studies (prognosis), Intracerebral hemorrhage ARTICLE Source Type: research

Neurodegenerative disease: The next occupational disease epidemic?
Globally, neurological disorders account for about 4% of all deaths and about 5% of disability-adjusted life-years from non-communicable disease.1 Diagnosis of a neurological disease can be devastating, and in most instances there is no cure. A recent editorial in the Lancet2 commented that neurological diseases remain neglected and ignored: ‘unlike cancer, stroke, and diabetes, which all have strategies and clinical champions, degenerative disorders are heterogeneous and complex’. Neurological disease includes a broad spectrum of conditions, several of which have occupational causes. The motor neurone diseases...
Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine - August 7, 2014 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Pearce, N., Kromhout, H. Tags: Other exposures Editorial (Hot topic) Source Type: research

Experiential or behavioral processes: Which one is prominent in physical activity? Examining the processes of change one year after an intervention of therapeutic education among adults with obesity
Obesity is recognized as a growing epidemic with the worldwide Body Mass Index (BMI) increasing by 0.5kg/m2 per decade since 1980 [1]. It is associated with increased total mortality and increased risks of disease or death from diabetes, ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, cancers, chronic kidney disease, and osteoarthritis [2]. Beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on body weight and global health have now been clearly proven and besides diet and behavior therapy, PA is considered as a cornerstone of weight management for overweight/obese adults [3–5].
Source: Patient Education and Counseling - August 13, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ahmed Jérôme Romain, Vincent Attalin, Ariane Sultan, Catherine Boegner, Christophe Gernigon, Antoine Avignon Source Type: research

Molecular signatures for obesity and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models
Conclusion: We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states.
Source: BMC Systems Biology - Latest articles - August 30, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Neeraj SinhaSachin SharmaParul TripathiSimarjeet NegiKamiya TikooDhiraj KumarKanury RaoSamrat Chatterjee Source Type: research

Watch less TV to prevent obesity, says NICE
“Take TV-free days to combat obesity, health experts urge,” The Guardian reports. This is one of a range of new recommendations from National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) draft guidelines that are designed to help adults and children maintain a healthy weight.Although the headlines have largely focused on TV (as well as other types of screen time, such as smartphones), the recommendations cover a range of health-related behaviours, such as walking to work and avoiding fizzy drinks.This draft guidance is mainly aimed at people in organisations who set up, pay for, or put into practice programmes that ...
Source: NHS News Feed - September 23, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Lifestyle/exercise Food/diet Obesity Source Type: news

Make Halloween healthy: If you dare!
Meaghan O’Keeffe, RN, BSN, is a mother, writer and nurse. She worked at Boston Children’s Hospital for nearly a decade, in both the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and the Pre-op Clinic.  She is a regular contributor to Thriving. Happy Halloween! This is a festive time of year when kids get excited to dress up in fantastical costumes and enjoy some light-hearted scares. But let’s be honest. Most kids dream about one thing and one thing only: the enormous bounty of candy that awaits them. Didn’t you? Besides tasting great, sugar intake heightens the pleasure and reward centers of the brain. Feel-good hormones like dopa...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - October 21, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Meaghan O'Keeffe Tags: All posts Source Type: news