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A stroke mimic; focal neurological deficits in benign hereditary chorea?
Conclusion This case highlights the difficulties in assessing patients with new focal neurological symptoms in the presence of known, pre existing, neurological disease. It also serves to highlight how often erroneously progressive weakness is mislabelled as a ‘stroke’. Neurologists working together with acute physicians in liaison posts in MAU, provides a unique opportunity to improve overall recognition of neurological disease, and for patients potentially provides a more timely diagnostic work–up and the opportunity for early treatment.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Maw, K., Johnston, J., Rowntree, C., Kalhan, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Headache (including migraine), Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, CNS cancer, Neuropathology, Radiology, Surgical diagnostic tests, Surgical oncology Association of Britis Source Type: research

Stroke-like migraine attacks in long term survivors of high grade glioma. (P1.174)
Conclusions:Stroke-like migraine attacks are difficult to treat and the pathophysiology is unknown. With more sophisticated imaging techniques, a better understanding of this phenomenon will aid in the treatment and prophylaxis of the syndrome with a goal of improving quality of life for this small but slowly growing population.Disclosure: Dr. New has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mirza has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: New, P., Mirza, H. Tags: Neuro-oncology: Gliomas I Source Type: research

A Generative Probabilistic Model and Discriminative Extensions for Brain Lesion Segmentation— With Application to Tumor and Stroke
We introduce a generative probabilistic model for segmentation of brain lesions in multi-dimensional images that generalizes the EM segmenter, a common approach for modelling brain images using Gaussian mixtures and a probabilistic tissue atlas that employs expectation-maximization (EM), to estimate the label map for a new image. Our model augments the probabilistic atlas of the healthy tissues with a latent atlas of the lesion. We derive an estimation algorithm with closed-form EM update equations. The method extracts a latent atlas prior distribution and the lesion posterior distributions jointly from the image data. It ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging - March 31, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Keeping up with Amanda: Life after brain surgery
In most ways, Amanda LePage is just like any other rambunctious fourth grader. She loves school, dance class, playing basketball and keeping up with her twin sister Macy and older brother Nathan. Sometimes it just takes her a little longer to do these everyday things. That’s because Amanda has been through a lot in her short nine years. Amanda was just 5 months old when she was brought by helicopter to Boston Children’s Hospital for a hemorrhage in her brain from an intracranial aneurysm, a type of vascular malformation. Despite long odds, Amanda survived two life-saving brain surgeries and a massive stroke that left ...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - May 22, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ellen Greenlaw Tags: Our Patients’ Stories brain aneurysm Dr. Caroline Robson Dr. Craig McClain Dr. Edward Smith Dr. Peter Manley Hydrocephalus low-grade glioma pediatric stroke Source Type: news

Ntox-08. safety of intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumours
The treatment of brain tumors is greatly limited the delivery impediment caused by the blood-brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier. To circumvent this limitation, different approaches have been studied, including intra-arterial delivery. Because of a significant local increase in plasma-peak concentration, this strategy increases the local area under the curve, and translates into a 3 to 5.5 fold increase in intra-tumoral chemotherapy concentration. However, intra-arterial chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors has a notoriously bad name, thanks to prior trials led in past decades showing significant neurotoxicities...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fortin, D., Caux, S., Gahide, G. Tags: NEUROTOXICITY OF THERAPY Source Type: research

Why is Clinical fMRI in a Resting State?
Conclusions Despite some perceived impediments to expanding clinical rs-fMRI use, neuroradiologists were generally enthusiastic about rs-fMRI in research and clinical applications, believing that their current workplace MRI systems are suitable for rs-fMRI acquisition. Many of the concerns associated with using rs-fMRI in clinical contexts are related to: (1) developing better methods for minimizing physiological noise effects, (2) improving methods for detecting the spatial characteristics of clinically-relevant brain processing systems in individual patients, and (3) overcoming remaining standardization, training, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Question 1: Should a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 be screened for central nervous system tumours with neuroimaging?
Scenario A 4-year-old boy with a recent diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) attends your outpatient clinic. His mother has read that optic pathway gliomas (OPG) occur in 15–20% of children with NF1 under 6 years of age. She is worried about the complications of this type of brain tumour, which include visual loss and precocious puberty. She asks you if her son can have an MRI scan to check for an optic pathway glioma. He has a normal ophthalmological examination. Question In a child with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (patient), does screening for OPGs with MRI (intervention) compared to standard clinica...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 15, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bodey, C., Seal, A. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Oncology, Eye Diseases, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Neuromuscular disease, Neurooncology, Stroke, Reproductive medicine, Ophthalmology, Child health, Radiology, Disability, Sexual health, Clinical diagnost Source Type: research

Calcification in high grade gliomas treated with bevacizumab
Abstract Calcification is a rare phenomenon in high grade glioma (HGG). CT scans are sensitive to mineralization but used infrequently for tumor assessment in the MRI era. The presence of calcification can be overlooked on routine MRI. Calcification may reflect chronicity and natural changes in the tumor or its milieu over time and may be accelerated by certain treatments. Calcification may have clinical significance which could signal potential risk for stroke or hemorrhage related to particular therapies; or it may be a positive prognostic factor for treatment response. The true incidence and relevance of calcif...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - May 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Multicentric Registry Study on Epidemiological and Biological Disease Profile as Well as Clinical Outcome in Patients with Low-Grade Gliomas: The LoG-Glio Project
Conclusion The LoG-Glio registry has been successfully implemented. Applied selection criteria result in an appropriately balanced patient cohort. Short-term outcome data on epidemiology as well as the influence of current surgical techniques and adjuvant treatment on patient outcomes are expected. In the long run, the aim of the registry is to validate the new molecular-based WHO classification and the influence of the extent of resection on progression-free survival and OS. The registry provides an open platform for future research projects benefiting patients with LGG. Trial registration NCT02686229 Clinical tria...
Source: Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery - September 23, 2019 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Pala, Andrej Nadji-Ohl, Minou Faust, Katharina R ückriegel, Stefan Roder, Constantin von der Brelie, Christian Forster, Marie-Therese L öbel, Franziska Schommer, Stefan L öhr, Mario Gr übel, Nadja Rothenbacher, Dietrich K önig, Ralph Engelke, Jens Sc Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Neurological Adverse Effects Associated With Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibodies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Conclusions: NAE associated with anti-TNFα antibodies in pediatric IBD are rare. In severe NAE, we recommend to discontinue anti-TNFα therapy and to consider alternative treatment.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - May 24, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles: Gastroenterology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Source Type: research

Clinical and radiological aspects of bilateral temporal abnormalities: pictorial essay
Abstract The temporal lobes are vulnerable to several diseases, including infectious, immune-mediated, degenerative, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic processes. Therefore, lesions in the temporal lobes can pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. The temporal lobes are connected by structures such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. That interconnectedness favors bilateral involvement in various clinical contexts. This pictorial essay is based on a retrospective analysis of case files from a tertiary university hospital and aims to illustrate some of the conditions that simul...
Source: Radiologia Brasileira - March 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

The PROGRAM study: awake mapping versus asleep mapping versus no mapping for high-grade glioma resections: study protocol for an international multicenter prospective three-arm cohort study
This study is an international, multicenter, prospective three-arm cohort study of observational nature. Consecutive HGG patients will be operated with awake mapping, asleep mapping or no mapping with a 1:1:1 ratio. Primary endpoints are: (1) proportion of patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale deterioration at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery and (2) residual tumour volume of the contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing part as assessed by a neuroradiologist on postoperative contrast MRI scans. Secondary endpoints are: (1) overall survival and (2) progression-free survival at 12 months af...
Source: BMJ Open - July 21, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gerritsen, J. K. W., Dirven, C. M. F., De Vleeschouwer, S., Schucht, P., Jungk, C., Krieg, S. M., Nahed, B. V., Berger, M. S., Broekman, M. L. D., Vincent, A. J. P. E. Tags: Open access, Neurology Source Type: research

Tracers progress for positron emission tomography imaging of glial-related disease
J Biomed Res. 2022 Jun 28:1-15. doi: 10.7555/JBR.36.20220017. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGlial cells play an essential part in the neuron system. They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes. Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as glioma, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and infections. Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic ch...
Source: Biomed Res - September 22, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Haoran Jia Tianwu Xie Source Type: research