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Condition: Multiple Sclerosis
Nutrition: Vitamin A

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Total 16 results found since Jan 2013.

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Assessment of stability of CD34+ cell products enriched by immunoselection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during refrigerated storage
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is generally used for haematopoietic regeneration after myeloablative therapy [1]. Therapeutic effects of stem cells in other diseases like heart failure [2,3], bone healing [4], chronic spinal cord injuries [5], retinal disorders [6], stroke [7], refractory Crohn disease [8] and multiple sclerosis [9] are being investigated in various clinical studies. Haematopoietic stem cells are most often collected in a mononuclear cell fraction by leukapheresis from peripheral blood.
Source: Transfusion and Apheresis Science - July 21, 2017 Category: Hematology Authors: Metka Krasna, Elvira Malicev, Jasmina Ziva Rozman, Bojan Vrtovec Source Type: research

Long-term outcomes in a series of idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome.
CONCLUSION: IRVAN is an important diagnosis for clinicians to recognize. When treated in a timely manner, long-term visual outcomes can be favourable. PMID: 30340706 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology - October 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Massicotte E, Hassanaly S, Bélair ML, Oliver K, Fortin E Tags: Can J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

PERSPECTIVES Small Heat Shock Proteins, Amyloid Fibrils, and Nicotine Stimulate a Common Immune Suppressive Pathway with Implications for Future Therapies
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is central to the anti-inflammatory function of the vagus nerve in a physiological mechanism termed the inflammatory reflex. Studies on the inflammatory reflex have been instrumental for the current development of the field of bioelectronic medicine. An independent investigation of the biological role of αB-crystallin (HspB5), the most abundant gene transcript present in active multiple sclerosis lesions in human brains, also led to α7nAChR. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in HspB5–/– mice results in greater p...
Source: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine - June 30, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Rothbard, J. B., Kurnellas, M. P., Ousman, S. S., Brownell, S., Rothbard, J. J., Steinman, L. Tags: Bioelectronic Medicine PERSPECTIVES Source Type: research

Genetics of hyperhomocysteinemia and 1-carbon metabolism: implications for retinal structure and eye functions.
Abstract Homocysteine (Hcy); a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid is generated as a metabolic intermediate. Hcy constitutes an important part of the "1-carbon metabolism" during methionine turnover. Elevated levels of Hcy known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) results from vitamin B deficiency, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, high fat and methionine rich diet, and the underlying genetic defects. These factors directly affect the "1-carbon metabolism (methionine-Hcy-folate)" of a given cell. In fact, the Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake, vitamin status, and the ge...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - July 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: George AK, Majumder A, Ice H, Homme RP, Eyob W, Tyagi SC, Singh M Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Lactate: More Than Merely a Metabolic Waste Product in the Inner Retina
AbstractThe retina is an extension of the central nervous system and has been considered to be a simplified, more tractable and accessible version of the brain for a variety of neuroscience investigations. The optic nerve displays changes in response to underlying neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer ’s disease, as well as inner retinal neurodegenerative disease, e.g., glaucoma. Neurodegeneration has increasingly been linked to dysfunctional energy metabolism or conditions in which the energy supply does not meet the demand. Likewise, increasing lactate levels have been correlated...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Complement-Mediated Microglial Phagocytosis and Pathological Changes in the Development and Degeneration of the Visual System
The focus of this review is the role of complement-mediated phagocytosis in retinal and neurological diseases affecting the visual system. Complement activation products opsonize synaptic material on neurons for phagocytic removal, which is a normal physiological process during development, but a pathological process in several neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. We discuss the role of complement in the refinement and elimination of synapses in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus, both during development and in disease states. How complement and aberrant phagocytosis promotes injury to the visual system is dis...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Effect of retinoic acid on the neurovascular unit: A review
Brain Res Bull. 2022 Mar 26:S0361-9230(22)00080-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinoic acid is a metabolic product derived from vitamin A, acting at a nuclear level to maintain the proper transcriptional activity. Moreover, this molecule contributes to the development and maturation of the cerebral vascular system, playing a pivotal role in development and maintenance of neurovascular unit integrity. This physiological structure is comprised of glial cells, vascular cells, and neurons, ensuring the correct function of the blood-brain barrier and, at last instance, the homeostasis...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - March 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Manuel R Pouso Elisa Cairrao Source Type: research