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Total 48 results found since Jan 2013.

Relevance of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in experimental and human stroke
Pflugers Arch. 2021 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02636-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. In the attempt to develop targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies, several efforts were performed over the last decades to identify the specific molecular abnormalities preceding cerebral ischemia and neuronal death. In this regard, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intracellular calcium homeostasis appear important contributors to stroke development, as underscored by recent pre-clinical evidence. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is re...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - November 10, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Rosita Stanzione Maurizio Forte Maria Cotugno Franca Bianchi Simona Marchitti Speranza Rubattu Source Type: research

Optimization of a Rhabdomyolysis Model in Mice With Exertional Heat Stroke Mouse Model of EHS-Rhabdomyolysis
In conclusion, we made improvements to a stable EHS-induced RM animal model to truly reflect the clinical characteristics of EHS patients. This new model should be helpful in the further study of RM pathogenesis.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 15, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impact of aortic root size on left ventricular afterload and stroke volume
Conclusion Larger aortic root size is an independent determinant of EA and SV. This association was heterogeneous and stronger in patients on CCB therapy.
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - May 13, 2016 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Microglial Activation Modulated by P2X4R in Ischemia and Repercussions in Alzheimer ’s Disease
There are over 80 million people currently living who have had a stroke. The ischemic injury in the brain starts a cascade of events that lead to neuronal death, inducing neurodegeneration which could lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebrovascular diseases have been suggested to contribute to AD neuropathological changes, including brain atrophy and accumulation of abnormal proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ). In patients older than 60 years, the incidence of dementia a year after stroke was significantly increased. Nevertheless, the molecular links between stroke and dementia are not clearly understood but could be r...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 23, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Mechano-electrical coupling as framework for understanding functional remodeling during LBBB and CRT.
In conclusion, MEC may represent a useful framework for better understanding the long-term changes in cardiac electrophysiology and contraction following LBBB as well as CRT. PMID: 24748591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 18, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Kuijpers NH, Hermeling E, Lumens J, Eikelder HT, Delhaas T, Prinzen FW Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Inotropic and Lusitropic Effects of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in the Heart.
Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated positive-inotropic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) but the mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, two experiments were performed to determine the physiological correlates of the positive-inotropic effects of CGRP. Treatments designed to antagonize the effects of physiologically-active CGRP 1-37 included post-treatment with CGRP8-37 and pretreatment with LY294002 (LY, an inhibitor of PI3K), 17β-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) were also used to modulate the effects of CGRP1-37. Experiment 1: In vitro studies on sarcomeres and cells of isolated adult ra...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 12, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Al-Rubaiee M, Gangula PR, Millis RM, Walker RK, Umoh NA, Cousins VM, Jeffress MA, Haddad GE Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Condition-specific transcriptional regulation of neuronal ion channel genes in brain ischemia.
The objective of this study is to identify ion channel genes that are differentially regulated under different brain ischemic conditions, as a mean to identify those ion channels that are associated with ischemic brain injury and ischemic tolerance. In mice in vivo, transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In cultured neuronal cells in vitro, simulated ischemia was modeled by oxygen-glucose deprivation. For both in vivo and in vitro studies, three principal ischemic conditions were included: ischemic-preconditioned, injured and tolerant, respectively, plus appropriate controls. In ...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - January 21, 2018 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Changes in electrolyte concentrations alter the impedance during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain
In this study, changes in the bio-impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode method with varying frequencies from 100 to 35  kHz have been assessed in a model of global cerebral ischemia in anesthetized rats during normal, occlusion and reperfusion conditions. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 40  min following 40 min of reperfusion. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions in the whole rat brain was determined by electrolyte analyzer. For the interpretation of in vivo results, changes in electrical impedance with varying concentrati...
Source: Physiological Measurement - October 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Gaurav Kumar, Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan, Sumedha Mukherjee, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto, Neeraj Sharma and Ranjana Patnaik Source Type: research

Influence of dual ‐specificity protein phosphatase 5 on mechanical properties of rat cerebral and renal arterioles
In this study, we found that KO ofDusp5 did not alter body weights, kidney and brain weights, plasma glucose, and HbA1C levels. The expression of pERK is higher in the nucleus of primary VSMC isolated fromDusp5 KO rats.Dusp5 KO rats exhibited eutrophic vascular hypotrophy with smaller intracerebral parenchymal arterioles and renal interlobular arterioles without changing the wall ‐to‐lumen ratios. These arterioles fromDusp5 KO rats displayed higher myogenic tones, better distensibility, greater compliance, and less stiffness compared with arterioles from WT control rats. VSMC ofDusp5 KO rats exhibited a stronger contra...
Source: Physiological Reports - January 19, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Huawei Zhang, Chao Zhang, Yedan Liu, Wenjun Gao, Shaoxun Wang, Xing Fang, Ya Guo, Man Li, Ruen Liu, Richard J. Roman, Peng Sun, Fan Fan Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

The Effects of Hypertension on the Cerebral Circulation.
Abstract Maintenance of brain function depends on a constant blood supply. Deficits in cerebral blood flow are linked to cognitive decline, and they have detrimental effects on the outcome of ischemia. Hypertension causes alterations in cerebral artery structure and function that can impair blood flow particularly during an ischemic insult, or during periods of low arterial pressure. This review will focus on the historical discoveries, novel developments and knowledge gaps in: 1) hypertensive cerebral artery remodeling; 2) vascular function, with emphasis on myogenic reactivity and endothelium-dependent dilation;...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - April 12, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Pires PW, Dams Ramos CM, Matin N, Dorrance AM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Role of 20-HETE,TRP channels & BKCa in dysregulation of pressure-induced Ca2+ signaling and myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries in aged hypertensive mice.
Role of 20-HETE,TRP channels & BKCa in dysregulation of pressure-induced Ca2+ signaling and myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries in aged hypertensive mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013 Oct 4; Authors: Toth P, Csiszar A, Tucsek Z, Sosnowska D, Gautam T, Koller A, Laniado Schwartzman M, Sonntag WE, Ungvari ZI Abstract Hypertension in the elderly substantially increases the risk stroke and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in part due to an impaired functional adaptation of aged cerebral arteries to high blood pressure. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying impaired autoregulatory protec...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 4, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Toth P, Csiszar A, Tucsek Z, Sosnowska D, Gautam T, Koller A, Laniado Schwartzman M, Sonntag WE, Ungvari ZI Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research