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Nutrition: Calcium

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Total 218 results found since Jan 2013.

The back and forth of axonal injury and repair after stroke
Purpose of review: The axon plays a central role in both the injury and repair phases after stroke. This review highlights emerging principles in the study of axonal injury in stroke and the role of the axon in neural repair after stroke. Recent findings: Ischemic stroke produces a rapid and significant loss of axons in the acute phase. This early loss of axons results from a primary ischemic injury that triggers a wave of calcium signaling, activating proteolytic mechanisms and downstream signaling cascades. A second progressive phase of axonal injury occurs during the subacute period and damages axons that survive the in...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by S. Thomas Carmichael Source Type: research

Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract on cerebral ischemia in rat: implication of transition metals
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long lasting disability in humans and oxidative stress an important underlying cause. The present study aims to determine the effect of short term (seven‐days) administration of high dosage grape seed and skin extract (GSSE 2·5 g/kg) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model of global ischemia. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by one‐hour reperfusion on control or GSSE treated animals. I/R induced a drastic oxidative stress characterized by high lipid and protein oxidation, a drop in antioxidant enzyme defenses, dis...
Source: International Journal of Stroke - November 3, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kadri Safwen, Smine Selima, Elayed Mohamed, Limam Ferid, Cosette Pascal, Amri Mohamed, Aouani Ezzedine, Mokni Meherzia Tags: Research Source Type: research

Reduced breath holding index in patients with chronic migraine
This study aimed to evaluate basal cerebral blood flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity in patients with chronic migraine. We evaluated 38 patients with chronic migraine. Three of them were excluded because they had auras and four of them were excluded because of their use of medication that can affect cerebral blood flow velocity and breath holding index (beta or calcium channel blockers). Our study population consisted of 31 patients with chronic migraine without aura and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who were not taking any medication. The mean blood flow velocity and breath holding index were measured...
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - October 12, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

G.p.272
Tropomyosin 3 encoded by the TPM3 gene is a member of the acting binding tropomyosin family, a component of the sarcomeric thin filaments troponin tropomyosin complex that is essential in muscle contraction by regulating the calcium dependent binding of the myosin head to the actin filament in anticipation of the force generating power stroke. Mutations in TPM3 cause a clinical and histopathological heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive weakness that includes CAP myopathy, congenital fiber type disproportion and nemaline myopathy.
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: , M. Neu, J. Kirschner, M.L. Yang, S.B. Marston, M.A. Gibbons, Y. Hu, J.M. de Winter, C.A.C. Ottenheijm, A. Rutkowski, M. Krüger, E. McNamara, R. Ong, K. Nowak, N.F. Clarke, C.G. Bönnemann Source Type: research

Trans-anethole protects cortical neuronal cells against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation
Abstract Trans-anethole has been studied on pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, antifungal and anticancer. However, to date, the anti-ischemic effects of trans-anethole have not been assessed. Therefore, we investigated the neuroprotection of trans-anethole against oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced cortical neuronal cell injury, an in vitro model of ischemia. The abilities of trans-anethole to block excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated in OGD/R-induced neurons. Trans-anethole significantly amelio...
Source: Neurological Sciences - September 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Response of Day-to-Day Home Blood Pressure Variability by Antihypertensive Drug Class After Transient Ischemic Attack or Nondisabling Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— After transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, calcium channel blockers and diuretics reduced variability and maximum home SBP, primarily because of effects on morning readings. Home BP readings enable monitoring of response to SBP variability-directed treatment in patients with recent cerebrovascular events.
Source: Stroke - September 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Webb, A. J. S., Wilson, M., Lovett, N., Paul, N., Fischer, U., Rothwell, P. M. Tags: Secondary prevention, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

NR2B Phosphorylation at Tyrosine 1472 Contributes to Brain Injury in a Rodent Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Upregulation of NR2B phosphorylation at Y1472 after neonatal HI is involved in superoxide-mediated oxidative stress and contributes to brain injury.
Source: Stroke - September 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Knox, R., Brennan-Minnella, A. M., Lu, F., Yang, D., Nakazawa, T., Yamamoto, T., Swanson, R. A., Ferriero, D. M., Jiang, X. Tags: Animal models of human disease Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Telmisartan Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses in SHR-SR After tMCAO
We examined the effects of telmisartan on inflammatory responses of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rat stroke-resistant (SHR-SR) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kota Sato, Toru Yamashita, Tomoko Kurata, Yusuke Fukui, Nozomi Hishikawa, Kentaro Deguchi, Koji Abe Source Type: research

G.P.272: Novel deletions in TPM3 define a hypercontractile phenotype with marked congenital muscle stiffness: Expanding the spectrum of TPM3 related disease
Tropomyosin 3 encoded by the TPM3 gene is a member of the acting binding tropomyosin family, a component of the sarcomeric thin filaments troponin tropomyosin complex that is essential in muscle contraction by regulating the calcium dependent binding of the myosin head to the actin filament in anticipation of the force generating power stroke. Mutations in TPM3 cause a clinical and histopathological heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive weakness that includes CAP myopathy, congenital fiber type disproportion and nemaline myopathy. Recent studies of the deltaK7 mutation in TPM2 suggest ...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Donkervoort, M. Neu, J. Kirschner, M.L. Yang, S.B. Marston, M.A. Gibbons, Y. Hu, J.M. de Winter, C.A.C. Ottenheijm, A. Rutkowski, M. Krüger, E. McNamara, R. Ong, K. Nowak, N.F. Clarke, C.G. Bönnemann Source Type: research

G.P.157: Clinical and pathological features associated with mutations in MICU1
We present the clinical/pathological features in a cohort of 18 patients. Patients presented between birth and 8years with a mild, relatively static, proximal myopathy associated with high Creatinine Kinase (2000–10,000iu/L), learning difficulties and frequent microcephaly. At follow up (5–28yrs), all remained ambulant but variable extrapyramidal symptoms had developed in the majority by the end of the 1st decade. Other features suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction included peripheral neuropathy, icthyosis, stroke like episodes, episodic weakness, ataxia and cataracts. Cardiomyopathy was not seen. Serum and CSF lact...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: A.M. Childs, K. Pysden, H. Roper, G. Chow, E.H. Niks, M. Kriek, P.F. Chinnery, D. Lewis-Smith, M. Duchen, G. Szabadkai, C. Logan, E. Sheridan, C. Sewry, F. Muntoni Source Type: research

Pharmacological Management of Central Post-Stroke Pain: A Practical Guide
Abstract Pain is one of the most troublesome sequelae of stroke. Some of this post-stroke pain is caused by the brain lesion itself; this is called central post-stroke pain (CPSP). Although the prevalence of CPSP is low (1–8 %), persistent, often treatment-resistant, painful sensations are a major problem for stroke patients. The pathogenesis of CPSP remains unknown, but suggested underlying causes include hyperexcitation in the damaged sensory pathways, damage to the central inhibitory pathways, or a combination of the two. For pharmacological treatment, amitriptyline, an adrenergic antidepressant, is current...
Source: CNS Drugs - September 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Anti-oxidative nutrient rich diet protects against acute ischemic brain damage in rats.
Abstract We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of an anti-oxidative nutrient rich enteral diet (AO diet) that contained rich polyphenols (catechins and proanthocyanidins) and many other anti-oxidative ingredients. Wistar rats were treated with either vehicle, normal AO diet (containing 100kcal/100ml, catechin 38.75mg/100ml and proanthocyanidin 19mg/100ml, 1ml/day), or high AO diet (containing 10 times the polyphenols of the normal AO diet) for 14 days, and were subjected to 90min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The AO diet improved motor function, reduced cerebral infarction volume, and decreased...
Source: Brain Research - August 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yunoki T, Deguchi K, Omote Y, Liu N, Liu W, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Abe K Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Clinical Trials in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of mortality and disability and remains a serious and significant global health problem. The development of neurovascular protectants to treat AIS successfully has been beset by disappointments and setbacks. Many promising candidates have lacked significant pleiotropic protective activity for brain tissue and cerebral blood vessels in clinical trials, while those with protective activity have had poor bioavailability or high toxicity. Moreover, the majority of agents did not confer significant neurovascular protection or clinical efficacy, as measured by standa...
Source: CNS Drugs - August 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Postischemic Reperfusion Causes Smooth Muscle Calcium Sensitization and Vasoconstriction of Parenchymal Arterioles Basic Sciences
Conclusions— The increased vasoconstriction of PAs during early postischemic reperfusion seems to be due to calcium sensitization of smooth muscle and could contribute to infarct expansion and limit neuroprotective agents from reaching their target tissue.
Source: Stroke - July 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Cipolla, M. J., Chan, S.-L., Sweet, J., Tavares, M. J., Gokina, N., Brayden, J. E. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Brain Circulation and Metabolism, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research

ATP-Evoked Sustained Vasoconstrictions Mediated by Heteromeric P2X1/4 Receptors in Cerebral Arteries Basic Sciences
Conclusions— This study reveals for the first time that apart from rapidly desensitizing homomeric P2X1Rs, heteromeric P2X1/4Rs contribute to the sustained component of the purinergic-mediated vasoconstriction in RMCA. Our study, therefore, identifies possible novel targets for therapeutical intervention in cerebral circulation.
Source: Stroke - July 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Harhun, M. I., Povstyan, O. V., Albert, A. P., Nichols, C. M. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Ion channels/membrane transport Basic Sciences Source Type: research