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Correlates of HIV RNA concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid during antiretroviral therapy: a longitudinal cohort study
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2019Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Alessandro Livelli, Florin Vaida, Ronald J Ellis, Qing Ma, Micol Ferrara, David B Clifford, Ann C Collier, Benjamin B Gelman, Christina M Marra, Justin C McArthur, J Allen McCutchan, Susan Morgello, Ned Sacktor, David M Simpson, Igor Grant, Scott L Letendre, Ian Abramson, Muhammad T. Al-Lozi, Sarah L. Archibald, J. Hampton AtkinsonSummaryBackgroundFew large projects have evaluated the factors that influence the HIV RNA concentrations (viral load) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time. We aimed to determine t...
Source: The Lancet HIV - June 16, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neuroimmunology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Conclusion Recent advances in research on HTLV-1 provide better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of HAM/TSP, and several clinical trials of novel therapies for patients with HAM/TSP have been initiated. However, long-term improvement of motor disability and quality of life still have not been achieved in HAM/TSP patients, and the clinical management remains challenging. Given that HAM/TSP is characterized by activated T-cells in both the periphery and CNS, studies in HAM/TSP will be highly informative for clarifying the pathogenesis of other neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Lower-extremity Dynamometry as a Novel Outcome Measure in a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Feasibility Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for HIV-associated Myelopathy
Conclusion: We conclude that an adequately powered clinical trial of IVIG for HIVM would likely require a prolonged recruitment period and multiple participating sites. Lower limb dynamometry is a useful outcome measure for HIVM, which might also be useful in other HIV-related gait disorders. KEYWORDS: Dynamometry, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), myelopathy INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated myelopathy (HIVM) is a rare but well-described neurologic complication of HIV; it was first described early in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, and i...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools Current Issue Demyelinating Disease Movement Disorders Neurodegenerative Disease Neurology Original Research Primary Care Technology Trial Methodology Dynamometry human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intravenous immu Source Type: research

CNS Summit 2017 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: This novel technology discriminates and quantifies subtle differences in behavior and neurological impairments in subjects afflicted with neurological injury/disease. KINARM assessments can be incorporated into multi-center trials (e.g., monitoring stroke motor recovery: NCT02928393). Further studies will determine if KINARM Labs can demonstrate a clinical effect with fewer subjects over a shorter trial period. Disclosures/funding: Dr. Stephen Scott is the inventor of KINARM and CSO of BKIN Technologies.   Multiplexed mass spectrometry assay identifies neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF Presenter: Chelsky...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - November 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Drug Development General Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Psychopharmacology Scales Special Issues Supplements Trial Methodology clinical trials CNS Su Source Type: research

Tuberculosis Made Me Blind, But We Can Make Sure No One Else Needs to Suffer Like I Did
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Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - March 24, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe. To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research

November is National Native American Heritage Month
During November, the nation collectively recognizes the achievements, contributions and rich culture of the Native Americans. History Native American Heritage Month was first recognized in 1915 with the annual meeting of the Congress of the American Indian Association, building upon previous work of Dr. Arthur C. Parker. Despite this proclamation, various states began organizing days of commemoration at different times of the year. It wasn’t until 1990 that a joint resolution from the White House was issued, designating November as National American Indian Heritage Month. Learn more about the history of Native American H...
Source: Dragonfly - November 12, 2014 Category: Databases & Libraries Authors: Carolyn Martin Tags: News from NLM Public Health Source Type: news