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Source: Molecular Neurobiology

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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.

GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 attenuates rtPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after acute ischemic stroke in rats
This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent tPA-induced HT after acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Transplantation: a Review
Abstract Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological disease. Recently, an increase in the number of transplantations has led to more cases being associated with PRES than what was previously reported. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are major risk factors for PRES in posttransplantation patients. The mechanisms of the development of PRES remain to be unclear. The typical clinical symptoms of PRES include seizures, acute encephalopathy syndrome, and visual symptoms. The hyperintense signal on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image is the characteristic of the imaging appearance in t...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-9 Mediates the Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Bcl2l11 in Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we found that miR-9 is downregulated in the mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) brain and oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) neurons. Application of miR-9 gamer could restore the neurological scores and reduces the infarct volume, brain water content, and the behavioral impairments. Moreover, upregulation of miR-9 suppresses the neuronal apoptosis in MCAO brain and OGD neurons. Furthermore, we identified that Bcl2l11 as the direct target of miR-9 and manipulation of miR-9 induces the corresponding changing of Bcl2l11 protein level. Finally, we found that the protein level of Bcl2l11 is increase...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neural Stem Cell Death
Abstract Deprivation of oxygen and glucose is the main cause of neuronal cell death during cerebral infarction and can result in severe morbidity and mortality. In general, the neuroprotective therapies that are applied after ischemic stroke have been unsuccessful, despite many investigations. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) plays an important role in mitochondrial metabolism and in modulating the coenzyme A (CoA)/acyl-CoA ratio. We investigated the protective effects of ALCAR against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in neural stem cells (NSCs). We measured cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular si...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Significance of Increased Serum Interleukin-18 Levels in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Reduced Serum Level of Interleukin-10 is Associated with Cerebral Infarction: A Case-Control and Meta-Analysis Study
This study enrolled a total of 169 CI patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between May 2011 and November 2014. During the same period, a group of 145 individuals were recruited at the same hospital as healthy controls after thorough physical examination. Serum IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 19.0 (IBM, 2010, Chicago, IL, USA) and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0) software were used for data analysis. Serum levels of IL-10 (pg/mL) were significantly lower in CI patients when compared to healthy controls (15.36 ± 3.21 vs. 21.64 ± ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 7, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Delays Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Abstract Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) can counteract oxidative stress and inhibit the inflammatory response in focal ischemic stroke models. However, the effect of BMMNC transplantation on carotid atherosclerosis needs to be determined. The carotid atherosclerotic plaque model was established in New Zealand White rabbits by balloon injury and 8 weeks of high-fat diet. Rabbits were randomized to receive an intravenous injection of autologous bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled BMMNCs or an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline. Plaques were evaluated for expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammato...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chronic Metformin Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection via Suppression of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Pathway in Rats with Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic preconditioning with metformin conferred neuroprotection via suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory pathway. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or metformin (50 mg/kg daily, i.p.) for 3 weeks and were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). At 24 h (acute phase) and 96 h (subacute phase) after pMCAO, infarct volume and neurological deficits were evaluated. Meanwhile, the activity of NF-κB and the levels of its downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected at 24 h after pMCAO. Our results...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Osteopontin Mediates Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Neurosurgical operations may result in surgical injury which would lead to postoperative neurological deficits. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) may be beneficial for such people. However, the exact mechanism underlying HBO-PC is not well known yet. The aim of this study is to explore the role of osteopontin (OPN) in HBO-PC-induced neuroprotection. The study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: sham group, HBO-PC sham group, stroke group, and HBO-PC group (HBO-PC + stroke). The animals in the second experiment were randomly a...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neopterin as a Predictor of Functional Outcome and Mortality in Chinese Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Immune responses and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. We therefore evaluated the 6-month prognostic value of early measurement of serum neopterin levels, a marker of inflammation and immune system activation, in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Consecutive AIS patients admitted to the emergency department were identified. Clinical information was collected. Serum concentration of neopterin and NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) were measured at the time of admission. Functional outcome was measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS) 6 months after admission....
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 15, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chromosome 4q25 Variants rs2200733, rs10033464, and rs1906591 Contribute to Ischemic Stroke Risk
Abstract Previous studies have shown an association between chromosome 4q25 variants (rs2200733, rs10033464, and rs1906591) and the risk of ischemic stroke. However, the results are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate risk effect of chromosome 4q25 variants on ischemic stroke. We performed the literature search in PubMed and Embase through October 2014 for all the potentially relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs), together with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association. The search yielded eight studies (13 reports ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dissecting the Contribution of Vascular Alterations and Aging to Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline that afflicts as many as 45 % of individuals who survive past the age of 85. AD has been associated with neurovascular dysfunction and brain accumulation of amyloid-β peptide, as well as tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration, but the pathogenesis of the disease is still somewhat unclear. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates initiates a sequence of events leading to neuronal injury and loss, and dementia. Alternatively, the vascular hypothesis ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

PPAR-γ Ameliorates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ischemic Brain Injury via Suppressing NF-κB-Driven p22phox Transcription
Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a stress-induced transcription factor, protects neurons against ischemic stroke insult by reducing oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, a major driving force in ROS generation in the setting of reoxygenation/reperfusion, constitutes an important pathogenetic mechanism of ischemic brain damage. In the present study, both transient in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion-reperfusion experimental paradigms of ischemic neuronal death were used to investigate the interaction between PPAR-γ a...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning: the Road So Far…
Abstract Cerebral preconditioning constitutes the brain’s adaptation to lethal ischemia when first exposed to mild doses of a subtoxic stressor. The phenomenon of preconditioning has been largely studied in the heart, and data from in vivo and in vitro models from past 2–3 decades have provided sufficient evidence that similar machinery exists in the brain as well. Since preconditioning results in a transient protective phenotype labeled as ischemic tolerance, it can open many doors in the medical warfare against stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular disorder that kills or cripples thousands of people worldw...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research