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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.
Elevated Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Free Fatty Acid Levels Are Associated with Unfavorable Functional Outcome in Subjects with Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free fatty acid (FFA) levels in a cohort of patients with an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a prospective study, FFA levels were measured using an enzyme cycling method on admission in serum and CSF of 252 consecutive patients with AIS. The prognostic value of FFA to predict the functional outcome and mortality within 90-day was compared with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and with other known outcome predictors. Serum and CSF levels of FFA increased with increasing severity of stroke as defined ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoform-B Stimulates Neurovascular Repair After Ischemic Stroke by Promoting the Function of Pericytes via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B in ischemic stroke using different in vivo and in vitro approaches. We showed that the delayed intranasal administration of VEGF-B reduced neuronal damage and inflammation. Unexpectedly, VEGF-B stimulated the formation of stable brain microvasculature within the injured region by promoting the interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes. Our data indicate that the effects of VEGF-B were mediated via its specific receptor VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) that is predominately expressed in brain pericytes. Importantly, VEGF-B promoted the survival of pericyt...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extracellular Matrix Modulation Is Driven by Experience-Dependent Plasticity During Stroke Recovery
This study provides molecular targets for novel therapi es that could support rehabilitation of stroke patients.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cofilin Mediates LPS-Induced Microglial Cell Activation and Associated Neurotoxicity Through Activation of NF- κB and JAK–STAT Pathway
In conclusion, we demonstrated that cofilin is involved in the cascade of microglial cell activation and further validates our previous study on cofilin’s role in mediating neuronal apoptosis. Together, our results sug gest that cofilin could present a common target in neurons and microglial cells and might prove to be a promising therapy for different brain injury mechanisms including stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Characterization of Dysregulated miRNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Ischemic Stroke Patients
AbstractEpigenetic modification may play an important role in pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS) risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which constitute one of the modes of epigenetic regulation, have been shown to be associated with a number of clinical disorders including IS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the miRNA profile in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of IS patients and compare it with stroke-free controls. Blood samples were obtained from 19 healthy age-gender-race matched individuals who served as controls to 20 IS patients. miRNA microarray analysis with RNA from PBMCs was performed and sig...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MMP-12, a Promising Therapeutic Target for Neurological Diseases
AbstractThe role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and asthma is well established. Several new studies and recent reports from our laboratory and others highlighted the detrimental role of MMP-12 in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss in detail the pathological role of MMP-12 and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis in the context of central nervous system diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclero...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of GluN2A in Cerebral Ischemia: Promoting Neuron Death and Survival in the Early Stage and Thereafter
AbstractOver-activation of NMDA receptors is a crucial step required for brain damage following a stroke. Although clinical trials for NMDA receptor blockers have failed, the role of GluN2A subunit in cerebral ischemia has been extensively evaluated in recent years. However, the effect of GluN2A on neuron damage induced by cerebral ischemia remains a matter of controversy. The underlying reason may be that GluN2A mediates both pro-death and pro-survival effects. These two effects result from two mutually excluding pathways, Ca2+ overload-dependent pro-death signaling and C-terminal-dependent pro-survival signaling, respect...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 18, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Evidence that NF- κB and MAPK Signaling Promotes NLRP Inflammasome Activation in Neurons Following Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we provide evidence that activation of either the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was partly responsible for inducing the expression and activation of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and that these effects can be attenuated using pharmacological inhibitors of these two pathways in neurons and brain tissue under in vitro and in vivo ischemic conditions, respectively. Moreover, these findings provided supporting evidence that treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparation can reduce activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways resulting in decreased expression and activation of N...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Erratum to: LncRNA-N1LR Enhances Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke Probably by Inhibiting p53 Phosphorylation
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lipoprotein (a) as a Predictor of Early Stroke Recurrence in Acute Ischemic Stroke
This study aims to determine lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels in serum and to investigate their associations with stroke recurrence events in a 3-month follow-up study in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Serum Lp(a) levels were determined in 203 ischemic stroke patients and 120 normal controls at admission. The severity and clinical outcome of ischemic stroke patients were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). We followed the participants for a median of 3 months using a standard questionnaire to determine the stroke recurrence events. The correlation analysis and multiple linear re...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TAT-PEP Enhanced Neurobehavioral Functional Recovery by Facilitating Axonal Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Projection After Stroke
AbstractPaired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a new receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) proteins, which may play important role in axonal regeneration and corticospinal tract (CST) projection associated with neurobehavioral function recovery after stroke. Here, we found that the expression of PirB was increased in the cortical penumbra from 1 to 28 days after transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion of rats. Then, transactivator of transcription-PirB extracellular peptide (TAT-PEP) was generated that might block the interactions between MAIs and PirB. The results showed that...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Direct Conversion of Somatic Cells into Induced Neurons
AbstractThe progressive loss and degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), as a result of traumas or diseases including Alzheimer ’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, stroke, and traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord, can usually have devastating effects on quality of life. The current strategies available for treatments are described including drug delivery, surgery, electrical stimulation, and cell-based tiss ue engineering approaches. However, apart from cell-based therapy, other attempts are limited in improving clinical outcomes. Recently, stem cell and neural stem cell (NSC) in part...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Activation of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Reduces Brain Edema in Mice with Ischemic Stroke and Bone Fracture
AbstractStroke is an important risk factor for bone fracture. We showed previously that bone fracture at the acute stage of ischemic stroke worsens, and activation of α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7 nAchR) improves, stroke recovery by attenuating inflammation. We hypothesized that activation of α-7 nAchR also improves the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was performed on C57BL/6J mice foll owed by tibia fracture 1 day later. Mice were treated with 0.8 mg/kg PHA 568487 (PHA, α-7 nAchR-specific agonist), 6 mg/kg methyllycaconitine (MLA, α-7 nAchR...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
GSK-3 β inhibitor TWS119 attenuates rtPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after acute ischemic stroke in rats
This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent tPA-induced HT after acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TRPC3/6/7 Knockdown Protects the Brain from Cerebral Ischemia Injury via Astrocyte Apoptosis Inhibition and Effects on NF- кB Translocation
AbstractIschemia contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality associated with many common neurological diseases. Calcium overload is an important mechanism of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Despite decades of intense research, an effective beneficial treatment of stroke remains limited; few therapeutic strategies exist to combat the consequences of cerebral ischemia. Traditionally, a “neurocentric” view has dominated research in this field. Evidence is now accumulating that glial cells, especially astrocytes, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Here, we show that...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
