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Source: Molecular Neurobiology

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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.

Low Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Were Associated with Poor Short-Term Functional Outcome and Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke
In this study, 204 patients were included. Patients with poor outcomes and non-survivors had significantly lower BDNF levels on admission (P <  0.0001 all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common risk factors showed that BDNF levels in the lowest interquartile (≤1st 9.2 ng/ml) was an independent predictor of functional outcome (odds ratios [OR] = 3.75; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.43–8.12) and mortality (OR = 4.04; 95 % CI, 2.07–9.14). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of BDNF was 0.77 (95 % CI, 0.70–0.84) for functional outcome and 0.79 (95 % CI, 0....
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Enriched Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect Cortical Neurons from Experimental Ischemic Injury
AbstractOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert therapeutic potential in a variety of neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms still lack investigation. Here, we report that cultured cortical neurons isolated fromfat-1 mice with high endogenous n-3 PUFAs were tolerant to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury.Fat-1 neurons exhibited significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation induced by OGD/R injury, upregulated antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and reduced cleaved caspase-3. Exogenous administration of docosahexaenoic ac...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of a PSD-95 Inhibitor in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
In this study, a modified version of the Rice-Vannucci method for the induction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury was performed on postnatal day  7 mouse pups. Animals received a single dose of NA-1 intraperitoneally either before or after right common carotid artery occlusion. All experiments were performed in a blinded manner. Infarct volumes were measured 1 and 7 days after the injury, while behavioral tests were conducted 1, 3, and 7  days after injury. Administration of NA-1 before right common carotid artery occlusion or immediately after ischemia significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobeha...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Profiling of Signaling Proteins in Penumbra After Focal Photothrombotic Infarct in the Rat Brain Cortex
AbstractIn ischemic stroke, cell damage propagates from infarct core to surrounding tissue. To reveal proteins involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, we explored the protein profile in penumbra surrounding the photothrombotic infarct core induced in rat cerebral cortex by local laser irradiation after Bengal Rose administration. Using antibody microarrays, we studied changes in expression of 224 signaling proteins 1, 4, or 24  h after photothrombotic infarct compared with untreated contralateral cortex. Changes in protein expression were greatest at 4 h after photothrombotic impact. These included over-expres...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rodent Gymnastics: Neurobehavioral Assays in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractDespite years of research, most preclinical trials on ischemic stroke have remained unsuccessful owing to poor methodological and statistical standards leading to “translational roadblocks.” Various behavioral tests have been established to evaluate traits such as sensorimotor function, cognitive and social interactions, and anxiety-like and depression-like behavior. A test’s validity is of cardinal importance as it influences the chance of a successful translation of preclinical results to clinical settings. The mission of choosing a behavioral test for a particular project is, therefore, imperative and the ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MiR-181b Antagonizes Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability Through Modulating Macrophage Polarization by Directly Targeting Notch1
AbstractAtherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is the major cause for acute stroke and could be regulated by macrophage polarization. MicroRNA-181b (miR-181b) was involved in macrophage differential. Here, we explore whether miR-181b could regulate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by modulating macrophage polarization and the underline mechanisms. In acute stroke patients with atherosclerotic plaque, we found that the serum level of miR-181b was decreased. Eight-week apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice were randomly divided into three groups (N = 10): mice fed with normal saline (Ctrl), mice fed with high-fat ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

HDAC Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Enhances Neuroprotective Function of Microglia During Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of microglial activation by studying histone modification histone 3-lysine 9-acetylation (H3K9ac) and its regulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In vitro analysis of activated microglia showed that HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (SB), alters H3K9ac enrichment and transcription at the promoters of pro-inflammatory (Tnf- α,Nos2,Stat1,Il6) and anti-inflammatory (Il10) genes while inducing the expression of genes downstream of the IL10/STAT3 anti-inflammatory pathway. In an experimental mouse (C57BL/6NTac) model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO),...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic Post-Conditioning Induces Post-Stroke Neuroprotection via Hsp70-Mediated Proteasome Inhibition and Facilitates Neural Progenitor Cell Transplantation
AbstractIn view of the failure of pharmacological therapies, alternative strategies promoting post-stroke brain repair are needed. Post-conditioning is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy, which induces acute neuroprotection against ischemic injury. To elucidate longer lasting actions of ischemic post-conditioning, mice were exposed to a 60-min stroke and post-conditioning by an additional 10-min stroke that was induced 10  min after reperfusion onset. Animals were sacrificed 24 h or 28 days post-stroke. Post-conditioning reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits 24 h post-stroke, enhancing blood-brain ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

High Plasma Levels of d -Dimer Are Independently Associated with a Heightened Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractDeep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a complication of stroke. Our aim was to determine whetherd-dimer plasma levels at admission could be a risk factor for DVT in Chinese patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). From December 2012 to November 2014, all patients with first-ever acute ICH were included. At baseline, the demographical and clinical data were taken. These patients were assessed for DVT using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) on 15  days after ICH and whenever clinically requested. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cu...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Early Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase after Ischemic Stroke Reduces Infarct Volume and Improves Long-Term Behavior
AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have recently been implicated in apoptosis and ischemic cell death. We tested the efficacy of early intervention with a peptide PI3K activator in focal cerebral ischemia. After determining the most effective dose (24  μg/kg) and time window (2 h after MCAO) of treatment, a total of 48 rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) was performed 1 h after MCAO and rats with lesion sizes within a predetermined range were randomized to either PI3K activator or vehic le treatment arms. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Amikacin Inhibits miR-497 Maturation and Exerts Post-ischemic Neuroprotection
In this study, we present a systematic computational approach that includes 3D modeling, docking-based virtual screening, and molecular dynamics simulation to identify small-molecule inhibitors of pre-miR-497 maturation. The top hit, aminoglycosidic antibiotic, amikacin, formed a stable complex with pre-miR-497. Later, the protective efficacy of amikacin was evaluated against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. To confirm the inhibitory potential of amikacin on miR-497 maturation, quantitative real-time PCR was per...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Delayed Treatment with Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Promotes Neurogenesis After Ischemic Stroke in Adult Mice
In this study, C57BL/6 mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (60 min) followed by reperfusion for 28 days. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were isolated from ipsilateral subventricular zone (SVZ) at 14 days post-ischemia (dpi). The effects of EGCG on the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs were examined in vivo and in vitro. Behavioral assessments were made 3 days before MCAO and at 28 dpi. SVZ NPCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro to mimic the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. We found that 14 days treatment with EGCG significantly increased the proliferation of SVZ NP...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chromosome 4q25 Variants and Age at Onset of Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Recent genome-wide association studies have identified two variants rs10033464 and rs2200733 on chromosome 4q25, significantly associated with ischemic stroke risk. We conducted this study to investigate whether these two variants were associated with age at onset and prognosis of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. Genotyping of rs10033464 and rs2200733 was performed by improved multiple ligase detection reaction. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean age of ischemic stroke onset for each variant. Combined effects of these two variants on age at ischemic stroke onset were then estimated. Kaplan...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (Ndrg2) Is Involved in Ischemia–Hypoxia-Induced Astrocyte Apoptosis: a Novel Target for Stroke Therapy
In conclusion, NDRG2 is involved in astrocyte apoptosis following ischemic–hypoxic injury, and inhibiting NDRG2 expression significantly reduces ROS production and astrocyte apoptosis. These findings provide insight into the role of NDRG2 in ischemic–hypoxic injury and provide potential targets for future clinical therapies for stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Chloride Co-transporter NKCC1 Inhibitor Bumetanide Enhances Neurogenesis and Behavioral Recovery in Rats After Experimental Stroke
In conclusion, our results demonstrated that chronic bumetanide treatment enhances neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after experimentally induced stroke in rats.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research