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Source: Molecular Neurobiology

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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.

Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Angiotensin I Receptor Gene Are Susceptible to Stroke Injury
Abstract Hypertension is one of the co-morbid conditions for stroke and profoundly increases its incidence. Angiotensin II (AngII) is shown to be at the center stage in driving the renin angiotensin system via activation of angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R). This makes the AT1R gene one of the candidates whose differential regulation leads to the predisposition to disorders associated with hypertension. A haplotype block of four SNPs is represented primarily by haplotype-I, or Hap-I (TTAA), and haplotype-II, or Hap-II (AGCG), in the promoter of human AT1R (hAT1R) gene. To better understand the physiological role of th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Procalcitonin Is a Stronger Predictor of Long-Term Functional Outcome and Mortality than High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Inflammatory markers have been associated with functional outcome and mortality of stroke. We investigated the changes in procalcitonin (PCT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels during the acute period of ischemic stroke and evaluated the relationship between these levels and the long-term functional outcome and mortality. We prospectively studied 376 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. PCT, Hs-CRP, and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were measured at the time of admission. Long-term functional outcome were measured by modified...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prognostic Value of Mannose-Binding Lectin: 90-Day Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Complement activation and inflammation have been suggested in the pathogenesis of stroke; mannose-binding lectin (MBL) was found to have roles during the process. We therefore evaluated the short-term prognostic value of serum MBL in Chinese patients with an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Consecutive AIS patients admitted to the emergency department were identified. Clinical information was collected. Serum concentration of MBL and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was measured at the time of admission. Short-term functional outcome was measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS) 90 days after admission. Multivariate ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic Preconditioning Provides Neuroprotection by Induction of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Autophagy in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) increases cerebral tolerance to the subsequent ischemic exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent autophagy contributed to the neuroprotection of IPC in rats with permanent cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were pretreated with vehicle, compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) and then were subjected to IPC induced by a 10-min middle cerebral artery occlus...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Neuro-Immune Pathophysiology of Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Systemic Immune-Inflammatory and Neuro-Immune Diseases
Abstract Many patients with systemic immune-inflammatory and neuro-inflammatory disorders, including depression, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s disease, cancer, cardiovascular disorder, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, endure pathological levels of fatigue. The aim of this narrative review is to delineate the wide array of pathways that may underpin the incapacitating fatigue occurring in systemic and neuro-inflammatory disorders. A wide array of immune, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 20, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathological Aberrations
Abstract Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with AD have displayed decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which repair and maintain the endothelial function. Transplantation of EPCs has emerged as a promising approach for the management of cerebrovascular diseases including ischemic stroke, however, its impact on AD has been poorly described. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the effects of bone marrow-derived (BM) EPCs transplantation in repeated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, an experimental mode...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cofilin Inhibition Restores Neuronal Cell Death in Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemia
Abstract Ischemia is a condition associated with decreased blood supply to the brain, eventually leading to death of neurons. It is associated with a diverse cascade of responses involving both degenerative and regenerative mechanisms. At the cellular level, the changes are initiated prominently in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Cofilin, a cytoskeletal actin severing protein, is known to be involved in the early stages of apoptotic cell death. Evidence supports its intervention in the progression of disease states like Alzheimer’s and ischemic kidney disease. In the present study, we have hypothesized the possible i...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Levels of Thioredoxin Are Associated with Stroke Risk, Severity, and Lesion Volumes
Abstract Oxidative stress increases serum thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-regulating protein with antioxidant activity recognized as an oxidative stress marker. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of serum TRX levels in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, all patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were recruited to participate in the study. Serum levels of TRX were assayed with solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke S...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein: a Novel Target for Neuroprotection in Experimental Thromboembolic Stroke in Mice
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Crosstalk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Acute CNS Injuries
Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a variety of neuronal cell death pathways that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stroke. ER stress occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate and the folding capacity of ER chaperones exceeds the capacity of ER lumen to facilitate their disposal. As a consequence, a complex set of signaling pathways will be induced that transmit from ER to cytosol and nucleus to compensate damage and to restore the normal cellular homeostasis, collectively known as unfolded protein response (UPR). However, failure of UPR due to severe or prolonged stress leads...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Matrix Metalloproteinase Family Gene Polymorphisms and Ischemic Stroke: a Meta-analysis
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between MMP gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke by using a meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were systemically searched. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Eleven studies were enrolled, including a total of 589 cases and 494 controls of MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G; 1,817 cases and 1,731 controls of MMP-3 -1612 5A/6A; and 540 cases and 547 controls of MMP-9 -1562C/T. Under the dominant and recessive models, respectively, the overall ORs and 95 ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 10, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Estradiol and Progesterone Administration After pMCAO Stimulates the Neurological Recovery and Reduces the Detrimental Effect of Ischemia Mainly in Hippocampus
Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested a differential response, males versus female, in stroke incidence and prognosis. These divergences in brain response after damage are based mostly on hormonal differences. To date, estradiol and progesterone administered independently have demonstrated neuroprotection after ischemia in animal models. Nonetheless, contradictory results were revealed using a combined administration. In order to evaluate the effects of combinatorial treatment administered after ischemia induction, we used two different approaches: in vivo and in vitro models. Male rats which underwent p...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

From Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis to Neuroprotection: Therapeutic Opportunities for 5-HT 3 Receptor Antagonists
Abstract 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are extensively used as efficacious agents in counteracting chemotherapy-induced emesis. Recent investigations have shed light on other potential effects (analgesic, anxiolytic, and anti-psychotic). Some studies have reported neuroprotective properties for the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo. When administered to Aβ-challenged rat cortical neurons, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists substantially abated apoptosis, elevation of cytosolic Ca2, glutamate release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and caspase-3 activity. In addition, in vivo studies show that 5-HT3 ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

PRKCH 1425G/A Polymorphism Predicts Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population
Abstract A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a nonsynonymous SNP (1425G/A) in PRKCH which was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this functional polymorphism is associated with stroke onset and prognosis in a Chinese population. We genotyped PRKCH 1425G/A using Improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction in 919 patients with ischemic stroke. Analyses of genotype association with onset and prognosis outcomes were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards models. PRKCH 1425G/A was not ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 5, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hemorrhagic Transformation after Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Models, and Biomarkers
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is well recognized as a common cause of hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke contributes to early mortality and adversely affects functional recovery. The risk of HT is especially high when patients receive thrombolytic reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only available treatment for ischemic stroke. Although many important publications address preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations regarding the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and predi...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research