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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.
Protective Role of Low Ethanol Administration Following Ischemic Stroke via Recovery of KCC2 and p75 NTR Expression
AbstractA striking result from epidemiological studies show a correlation between low alcohol intake and lower incidence for ischemic stroke and severity of derived brain injury. Although reduced apoptosis and inflammation has been suggested to be involved, little is known about the mechanism mediating this effect in vivo. Increase in intracellular chloride concentration and derived depolarizing GABAAR-mediated transmission are common consequences following various brain injuries and are caused by the abnormal expression levels of the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2. Downstream pro-apoptotic signaling through p75NTR...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Expanding Regulatory Mechanisms and Cellular Functions of Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Neuroinflammation
AbstractLncRNAs have emerged as important regulatory molecules in biological processes. They serve as regulators of gene expression pathways through interactions with proteins, RNA, and DNA. LncRNA expression is altered in several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, trauma, and infection. More recently, it has become clear that lncRNAs contribute to regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways involved in the expression of lncRNAs, their role and mechanism of action during gene regulation,...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multiple Neuroinvasive Pathways in COVID-19
AbstractCOVID-19 is a highly infectious viral disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. While it was initially regarded as a strictly respiratory illness, the impact of COVID-19 on multiple organs is increasingly recognized. The brain is among the targets of COVID-19, and it can be impacted in multiple ways, both directly and indirectly. Direct brain infection by SARS-CoV-2 may occur via axonal transport via the olfactory nerve, eventually infecting the olfactory cortex and other structures in the temporal lobe, and potentially the brain stem. A hematogenous route, which involves viral crossing of blood –brain ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cottonseed Oil Alleviates Ischemic Stroke-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
In this study, we investigated the potential of CSO in regulating oxidative stress injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R), or oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R). We found that 1.3 mL/kg CSO treatment of male rats with a subcutaneous injection once every other day for 3 weeks significantly improved neurological deficit; reduced infarction volume; alleviated neuronal injuries; reduced the content of ROS and MDA; increased the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX; and markedly in creased the expression of Nrf2. Furthermore, treatment with 10−9 μL/mL CSO to a neuron c...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PCK) in the Brain Gluconeogenic Pathway Contributes to Oxidative and Lactic Injury After Stroke
AbstractTo demonstrate the role of the rate-limiting and ATP-dependent gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) in oxidative and lactic stress and the effect of phenothiazine on PCK after stroke, a total of 168 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (3 months old, 280–300 g) underwent 2-h intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion for 6, 24, 48 h, or 7 days. Phenothiazine (chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P)) (8 mg/kg) and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA, a PCK inhibitor, 100 μM) were administered at reperfusi on onset. The effects of phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-MPA, or PCK knoc...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Adenosine Signaling and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Glutamate AMPA Receptors in Delayed Hypoxic Injury in Rat Hippocampus: Role of Casein Kinase 2
AbstractChronic adenosine A1R stimulation in hypoxia leads to persistent hippocampal synaptic depression, while unopposed adenosine A2AR receptor stimulation during hypoxia/reperfusion triggers adenosine-induced post-hypoxia synaptic potentiation (APSP) and increased neuronal death. Still, the mechanisms responsible for this adenosine-mediated neuronal damage following hypoxia need to be fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that A1R and A2AR regulation by protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) and clathrin-dependent endocytosis of AMPARs both contribute to APSPs and neuronal damage. The APSPs following a 20-min hypoxia...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of Antimalarial Drugs on Neuroinflammation-Potential Use for Treatment of COVID-19-Related Neurologic Complications
AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus that is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only peripheral organs such as the lungs and blood vessels, but also the central nervous system (CNS) —as seen by effects on smell, taste, seizures, stroke, neuropathological findings and possibly, loss of control of respiration resulting in silent hypoxemia. COVID-19 induces an inflammatory response and, in severe cases, a cytokine storm that can damage the CNS. Antimalarials have unique properti es that distinguish them from other anti-inflammatory drugs. (A) They are very lipophilic, which enhances their ability to cross ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cross-Talk Between Key Players in Patients with COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke: A Review on Neurobiological Insight of the Pandemic
AbstractThe global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the entire human race by surprise and led to an unprecedented number of mortalities worldwide so far. Current clinical studies have interpreted that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition, ACE2 is the major component of the renin-angiotensin system. ACE2 deteriorates angiotensin II, a peptide that is responsible for the promotion of stroke. The downregulation of ACE2 further activates an immunological cascade. Thus, researchers need to explore ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Molecular Basis of Sex Difference in Neuroprotection induced by Hypoxia Preconditioning in Zebrafish
AbstractHypoxia, the major cause of ischemic injury, leads to debilitating disease in infants via birth asphyxia and cerebral palsy, whereas in adults via heart attack and stroke. A widespread, natural protective phenomenon termed ‘hypoxic preconditioning’ (PH) occurs when prior exposures to hypoxia eventually result in robust hypoxia resistance. Accordingly, we have developed and optimized a novel model of hypoxic preconditioning in adult zebrafish to mimic the tolerance of mini stroke(s) in human, which appears to prote ct against the severe damage inflicted by a major stroke event. Here, we observed a remarkable dif...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibiting ER Stress Weakens Neuronal Pyroptosis in a Mouse Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Model
In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress in evoking neuronal pyroptosis and related mechanisms in a mouse ICH model. We used tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to inhibit ER stress and observed that TUDCA reduces neuronal pyroptosis and has a neuroprotective role. We explored the potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal pyroptosis by ER stress through testing the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13). We found that ER stress inhibition alleviates neuronal pyroptosis through decreasing the expression of IL-13 after ICH. In summary, this study revealed that IL-13 is involved in ER stress –induce...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Fucoxanthin Mitigates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Oxidative Damage via Sirtuin 1-Dependent Pathway
AbstractOxidative stress is a key component of the pathological cascade in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fucoxanthin (Fx) possesses a strong antioxidant property and has shown neuroprotective effects in acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Fx against SAH-induced oxidative insults and the possible molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that Fx could significantly inhibit SAH-induced reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, and restore the impairment of endogenous antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, Fx supplementati...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Targeting of Perforin Inhibitor into the Brain Parenchyma Via a Prodrug Approach Can Decrease Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation and Improve Cell Survival
AbstractThe cytolytic protein perforin has a crucial role in infections and tumor surveillance. Recently, it has also been associated with many brain diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Therefore, inhibitors of perforin have attracted interest as novel drug candidates. We have previously reported that converting a perforin inhibitor into an L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing prodrug can improve the compound ’s brain drug delivery not only across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) but also into the brain parenchymal cells: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The present study evaluated whet...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proteomics-Guided Study on Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Its Neuroprotective and Neurogenic Mechanisms for Transient Ischemic Stroke: Involvements of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/Bad/14-3-3 and Jak2/Stat3/Cyclin D1 Signaling Cascades
AbstractBuyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for recovering neurological dysfunctions and treating post-stroke disability in China for 200 years. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BHD on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurite formation and enhancing learning and memory functional recovery in an experimental rat ischemic stroke model. BHD si gnificantly reduced infarct volume and decreased cell apoptosis in the ischemic brain. BHD enhanced neuronal cell viability in v...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Loss of Estrogen Efficacy Against Hippocampus Damage in Long-Term OVX Mice Is Related to the Reduction of Hippocampus Local Estrogen Production and Estrogen Receptor Degradation
AbstractPostmenopausal women experience a higher risk for neurodegenerative diseases, including cognitive impairment and ischemic stroke. Many preclinical studies have indicated that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may provide protective effects against these neurological diseases. However, the results of Women ’s Health Initiative (WHI) studies have led to the proposal of “critical period hypothesis,” which states that there is a precise window of opportunity for administering beneficial hormone therapy following menopause. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms require further characterizatio n. Here, we e...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Expression and Localization of Histone Acetyltransferases HAT1 and PCAF in Neurons and Astrocytes of the Photothrombotic Stroke-Induced Penumbra in the Rat Brain Cortex
AbstractStroke is one of the leading reasons of human death. Ischemic penumbra that surrounds the stroke-induced infarction core is potentially salvageable, but molecular mechanisms of its formation are poorly known. Histone acetylation induces chromatin decondensation and stimulates gene expression. We studied the changes in the levels and localization of histone acetyltransferases HAT1 and PCAF in penumbra after photothrombotic stroke (PTS, a stroke model). In PTS, laser irradiation induces local occlusion of cerebral vessels after photosensitization by Rose Bengal. HAT1 and PCAF are poorly expressed in normal cortical n...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
