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Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Parity, Job Strain, and Cardiovascular Risk in the Women ’s Health Study
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPregnancy and employment are critical life events that can affect chronic disease risk in women. Hence, we examined the relationship between parity and cardiovascular risk, and whether job stress affected this association.Recent FindingsCox proportional hazard models examined the association of parity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery revascularization, ischemic stroke, and CVD death] in 23,905 participants in the Women ’s Health Study. Parity was defined at baseline as pregnancy lasting>  6 months gestation, categorized as none (referent), ...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - March 3, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Factors affecting general practitioners' decisions to adopt new prescription drugs - cohort analyses using Australian longitudinal physician survey data.
CONCLUSIONS: Our paper is one of the first to study the relationship between GPs' risk preferences, personality and their decisions to adopt new prescription drugs. Because NOACs are commonly prescribed and considered more cost-effective than their older counterpart, understanding factors affecting physicians' decisions to adopt NOACs has direct policy implications. Our results also highlight that even with universal coverage for prescription drugs, access to new drugs is different among patients, partially because who their doctors are and where they practice. PMID: 30728010 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Australian Family Physician - February 7, 2019 Category: Primary Care Authors: Zhang Y, Méndez SJ, Scott A Tags: BMC Health Serv Res Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

308 Association of Diabetes and Frailty with Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Europeans
ConclusionFrailty and pre-frailty are independent risk factors for mortality in diabetics. The identification of frailty is important for the risk-stratification and management of middle aged and older patients with diabetes and should be included in the routine assessment of these high-risk individuals.
Source: Age and Ageing - September 16, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Survival in Adversity: Trends in Mortality Among Blacks in the United States, 1900-2010.
Authors: Hahn RA Abstract The goal of this study was to analyze trends in black age-adjusted mortality rates (AADR) from 1900 through 2010 and to propose explanations. Analyses included a descriptive study of trends in AADR from major causes for blacks and age-specific all-cause mortality at each decade. In 1900, all-cause AADRs were higher for blacks than whites. Over the century, differences decreased substantially. Reductions mortality were greatest among young people, lowest among older adults. Deaths from infectious diseases showed the greatest decrease. Heart disease mortality among blacks increased from 1920...
Source: International Journal of Health Services - May 26, 2020 Category: Health Management Tags: Int J Health Serv Source Type: research

Incorporating Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage Measures in Rehabilitation Clinical Trials
Socioeconomic disadvantage measures characterize the relative disadvantage of an individual or social network using indicators of employment, housing, poverty, and education. While related to a number of health outcomes, socioeconomic disadvantage measures have not been routinely incorporated in rehabilitation research. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relationships of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) with stroke survivor (SS) and carepartner (CP) factors, and family functioning.
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - October 24, 2020 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Josue Rodriquez, George Cotsonis, Sarah Blanton Tags: Research Poster Source Type: research

Incidence of Cognitive Impairment during Aging in Rural South Africa: Evidence from HAALSI, 2014 to 2019
Conclusions: This study presents some of the first incidence rate estimates for aging-related cognitive impairment in rural South Africa. Social disparities in incident cognitive impairment rates were apparent in patterns similar to those observed in many high-income countries.Neuroepidemiology
Source: Neuroepidemiology - March 3, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Sex differences in the risk of coronary heart disease associated with socioeconomic status in Turkey
ConclusionsThis study of health outcomes in Turkey did not find sex differences in CVD in association with educational status but did show sex differences in association with employment status. This finding suggests that social determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently than in high-income countries.Key messagesSocial determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently with regards to the risk of CHD than in high-income countries.Employment status can predict the risk of CHD in middle-income countries.
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 18, Pages 11284: Examining Predictors of Myocardial Infarction
This study analyzed predictors of myocardial infarction (MI) for those aged 35 and older based on demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, behavioral, and risk factors, as well as access to healthcare variables using the Center for Disease (CDC) Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey for the year 2019. Multiple quasibinomial models were generated on an 80% training set hierarchically and then used to forecast the 20% test set. The final training model proved somewhat capable of prediction with a weighted F1-Score = 0.898. A complete model based on statistically significant variables using the enti...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - October 27, 2021 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Diane Dolezel Alexander McLeod Larry Fulton Tags: Article Source Type: research

Understanding the relationship between perceived discrimination and mortality in United States adults
CONCLUSIONS: Adults experiencing lifetime and daily discrimination had significantly increased risk of mortality after adjusting for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The findings highlight the importance of screening patients during clinical encounters for experiences of discrimination and providing appropriate resources to mitigate the negative impact of discriminatory events on mortality. Future research should work to fully understand the mechanism by which discrimination increases risk of mortality. These future findings should be used to develop targets for interventions designed to decrease mortality among a...
Source: Aging and Mental Health - February 4, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Joanna O Obaoye Aprill Z Dawson Madhuli Thakkar Joni S Williams Leonard E Egede Source Type: research

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